DIET

Diet depends on following factors

•• Natureofofoccupation
Nature occupation
•• Physical
Physicallabor
labor
•• Body
Bodysurface
surface
•• Sex
Sex
•• Age
Age
•• Climate
Climate
• Availabilities
• Availabilities
• Taste
• Taste
• Desires
• Desires
• Religious prejudices
• Religious prejudices
• Social customs
• Social customs
 What is balanced diet

Balanced diet is defined as a

diet that contains the
optimum(best/most likely to
bring success) requirements of
food calories and the nutrients
A balanced diet should consider following:

Acid base balance Digestion and absorption

Following points should be considered
before making a balanced diet

Extra 10% for

hard
working/labor
10% For wastage
Age and sex should be considered
Growth/Weight of baby
At birth
6
pounds

At 5 At 2.5
months years
6X2 6x4

At 12
months
6x3
 Factors determining gain in wait
• Age
• Sex
• Race
• Climate
• Other environmental factors
 Caloric needs
Age Caloric needs

1 week 300 calories

2 months 350 calories

3 months 450 calories

4 months 500 calories

5 months 600 calories

6 months 700 calories

12 months 800 calories

 Age Caloric needs

4-5 Years 1000

6-7 1300

8-9 1600

10-11 1800

12-13 2100

Woman over 14 years 2100

Men over 14 years 2600

Nursing mother 3100

Pregnant woman 2500

Extra calories light work 75 cal extra

Moderate work 75-150 cal extra

Hard work 150-300 cal extra

 Relationship between age and caloric
requirement/pound of weight
Chart Title
45

40
40

35

30
30

25
Series1
20
20

15

10

0
Birth 4 Year 12 Yea&>
Axis Title
 Recommendations:
• 10% of proteins should be from animal
sources.
• Variety of cereals should be proffered over
one
• Pulses and dals should not be more than 4 oz
• 50% of the fat should be from animal sources.
 Basal metabolism
• Basal metabolisms is the energy requirement
of an individual at complete rest in a
comfortable and relaxed position both
physically and mentally.
• The basal metabolic rate depend upon age,
sex, race, state of nutrition, surface area,
external temperature, pathological conditions
 Calories from protein, carbohydrate, and
fats

• • •
4calories 4calories 9calories
Each gram of
Each gram of Each gram of
protein carbohydrat fat
e
 BMR
• BMR of an adult male is 40 Calories/Hour/Sq
Meter of the body surface.
• Woman =37
• Boys above 15 years =44
• Boys between 12-13=50
• The area of an adult male is 1.75 sq meter, his
caloric requirement in 24 hours will be:
• 40 x 1.75 x 24=1680 or 1700 calories
 How you will calculate basal caloric
requirement
• First calculate the ideal weight of an individual
on the basis of the body frame and height.
• Second on the basis of the calculated ideal
weight , calculate the requirement for a 24
hours period, based on the persons activity
A -CALCULATION OF IDEAL WEIGHT OF INDIVIDUAL
GENDER SMALL FRAME MEDIUM FRAME LARGE FRAME
MALE Minus 10% of 106 lbs for 5 feet +6 Plus 10% of
calculated weight lbs/inch calculated weight
for height for height

FEMALE Minus 10% of 100 lbs for 5 feet + Plus 10% of

calculated weight 5 lbs/inch calculated weight
for height for height

B-TO CALCULATE THE BASAL CALORIE REQUIREMENTS OF AN INDIVIDUAL FOR A 24

HOURS PERIOD

FOR BASAL METABOLISAM I.W X 10

FOR SEDENTRY PERSON I.W X 3

FOR MODERATELY HEAVY WORK I.W X 5

FOR HEAVY WORK I.W X 10
I.W.=IDEAL WEIGHT IN LBS
Nutritional requirements in physiological
states
 Infancy and childhood
• During infancy there is rapid growth. Therefore food
should contain quantitative and qualititative standards
of diet.
• Energy requirements /unit of body weight are greater in
infancy which later on decline during later year of
infancy.
• First month 110 cal/kg body wt.
• Adult 40 cal / kg body wt.
• Vitamins, minerals, proteins and water requirements
are greater in infancy proportionate to body size.
• Infant diet is mostly composed of milk and may be
deficient in ascorbic acid, Vit A & D 20
TABLE 27-8

21
 Adolescence
• There is marked acceleration of growth prior
to sexual maturity and puberty. This phase of
growth occurs earlier in females than in males.
The need pertaining to calorie and other
requirements should be met appropriately.

22
Adolescents

23
Adolescence

24
Nutrients and energy requirement for man
and woman Table 27-9

25
 Adult

• The requirement for adult depends upon

activity done by them during 24 hours

26
 Nutrients and energy requirements for
male
Man Sedentary work Moderate work Heavy work

Body weight in kg 60 60 60

Thiamine mg/d 1.2 1.4 1.6

Riboflavin mg/d 60 60 60

Nicotinic acid gm/d 20 20 20

Pyridoxine mg/d 400 400 400

Ascorbic acid mg /d 28 28 28

Folic acid mg/d 600 600 600

Vit b 12 mg/d 2400 2400 2400
27
 Nutrients and energy requirements for
woman
Woman Sedentary work Moderate work Heavy work

Body weight in kg 50 50 50

Thiamine mg/d 0.9 1.1 1.2

Riboflavin mg/d 50 50 50

Nicotinic acid gm/d 20 20 20

Pyridoxine mg/d 400 400 400

Ascorbic acid mg /d 30 30 30

Folic acid mg/d 600 600 600

Vit b 12 mg/d 2400 2400 2400

28
 Pregnancy and lactation
• Those who take balanced and adequate diet
during pregnancy and lactation there are
fewer complications and infant health is better
as compared to those on poor diet particularly
with respect to essential nutrients particularly
proteins, vitamins and minerals.

29
 Pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy and lactation

Body weight in kg 50

Thiamine mg/d +0.2

Riboflavin mg/d +15

Nicotinic acid gm/d 30

Pyridoxine mg/d 1000

Ascorbic acid mg /d 38

Folic acid mg/d 600

Vit b 12 mg/d 2400

30
 Old age
• The dietary requirements are less than the
adults as the basal metabolic requirement are
less than an adult. But should be adequate
qualitatively and quantitatively in essential
ingredients.
• Needs for elderly
• Protien:0.8-1.08/kg body wt should provide
12-14% of total calories.
• Fats :it should provide less than 30%of the
calories required. Only 10% of the calories
should come from saturated fats. Cholesterol
should be limited to 300 mg or less/day.
• Carbohydrates: minimum 50-100 gm/day. At
least 50% of the total calories should come
from complex carbohydrate
• Daily requirement of fiber intake should be 20-
35 gm/day.
• Calories: energy need reduces with age. Caloric need are
dependent upon level of activity. Exercise helps active
old people maintain lean body mass. Body needs about
1.5 times the basal energy expenditure(BEE). There is a
10% reduction of caloric need between ages 51-75
years, an additional 10-15% reduction after age 75 yrs
depending upon individual activity. Old people need
more certain vitamin and minerals. The food of the old
age should have nutrients rich food with fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, low fat milk, dairy products
and water intake should be encouraged
34
 Diet chart of last week
Timings Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6

Breakfast

Morning
snacks

Lunch

Evening
snack

Dinner