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Seminar on
Evolution of
Computer

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 Table Contents
Definition
Introduction
Evolution of Computer
Types of Computer
Conclusion

2
 Definition

• Computers are devices that accomplish

tasks or calculations in accordance to a set
of directions, or programs.
• The first fully electronic computers,
introduced in the 1940s, were voluminous
devices that required teams of people to
handle.

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4
 Introduction

• Computers work through an interaction of

hardware and software. The whole picture of the
computer goes back to decades.
• However there are five apparent generations of
computers.
• Each generation is defined by a paramount
technological development that changes
necessarily how computers operate – leading to
more compressed, inexpensive, but more dynamic,
efficient and booming machines. 5
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 Evolution of Computer
First Generation – Vacuum Tubes (1940 – 1956)
• These ancient computers utilized vacuum tubes
as circuitry and magnetic drums for recollection.
As a result they were huge, actually taking up
entire rooms and costing resources to run.
• These were ineffective materials which produce
a huge amount of heat, sucked enormous
electricity and subsequently engendered an
abundance of heat which caused perpetual
breakdowns.
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 Evolution of Computer
Second Generation – Transistors (1956 – 1963)
• The supersession of vacuum tubes by transistors,
visualized the onset of the second generation of
computing. Although first invented in 1947,
transistors weren’t used considerably in
computers until the cessation of the 1950s.
• They were a huge development over the vacuum
tube, despite the fact still subjecting computers
to destroying different levels of heat.

●●●
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 Evolution of Computer
Third Generation – Integrated Circuits (1964 –
1971)
• By this phase, transistors were now being
miniaturised and put on silicon chips. This led to a
huge improvement in speed and effectiveness of
these machines.
• These were the first computers where users
interacted utilizing keyboards and monitors which
interfaced with an operating system, a
consequential leap up from the punch cards and
printouts. ●●●
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 Evolution of Computer
Fourth Generation – Microprocessors (1972 –
2010)
• This innovation can be defined in one word: Intel.
The chip-maker accomplished the Intel 4004 chip
in 1971, which located all components of
computer such as CPU, recollection, input/output
controls onto a single chip.
• What overcrowded a room in the 1940s now gets
fit in the palm of the hand.

●●●
10
 Evolution of Computer
Fifth Generation – Artificial Intelligence (2010
Onwards)
• Computer devices with artificial potentiality
are still in development, but some of these
technologies are commencing to emerge and
be used such as voice recognition.
• AI is an authenticity, made possible by
adopting parallel processing and
superconductors.

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 Types of Computer
Supercomputer:
• When we talk about speed, then the first name
that comes to mind when thinking of
computers is supercomputers. They are the
biggest and fastest computers(in terms of
speed of processing data).
• Supercomputers are designed such that they
can process a huge amount of data, like
processing trillions of instructions or data just
in a second.
●●●
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 Types of Computer
Mainframe computer:
• Mainframe computers are designed in such
a way that it can support hundreds or
thousands of users at the same time.
• It also supports multiple programs
simultaneously. So, they can execute
different processes simultaneously.

●●●
13
 Types of Computer
Minicomputer:
• Minicomputer is a medium size
multiprocessing computer. In this type of
computer, there are two or more processors,
and it supports 4 to 200 users at one time.
• Minicomputers are used in places like
institutes or departments for different work
like billing, accounting, inventory
management etc.
●●●
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 Types of Computer
Workstation:
• Workstation is designed for technical or
scientific applications. It consists of a fast
microprocessor, with a large amount of RAM
and high speed graphic adapter.
• It is a single-user computer. It generally used
to perform a specific task with great
accuracy.

●●●
15
 Types of Computer
PC (Personal Computer):
• It is also known as a microcomputer. It is
basically a general-purpose computer and
designed for individual use.
• It consists of a microprocessor as a central
processing unit(CPU), memory, input unit,
and output unit.

●●●
16
 Types of Computer
Analogue Computer:
• It is particularly designed to process analogue
data. Continuous data that changes
continuously and cannot have discrete values
is called analogue data.
• So, an analogue computer is used where we
don’t need exact values or need approximate
values such as speed, temperature, pressure
etc.
●●●
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 Types of Computer
Digital Computer:
• Digital computers are designed in such a
way that it can easily perform calculations
and logical operations at high speed.
• It takes raw data as an input and processes
it with programs stored in its memory to
produce the final output.

●●●
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 Types of Computer
Hybrid Computer:
• As the name suggests hybrid, which means
made by combining two different things.
Similarly, the hybrid computer is a
combination of both analog and digital
computers.
• Hybrid computers are fast like an analog
computer and have memory, and accuracy
like a digital computer.

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 Conclusion

 Computer evolution refers to the change in

computer technology right from the time
computers were first used to the present.
 The mechanical computer era (1623–1945)
mechanical computers were computers built from
only moving mechanical components such as
levers and gears, rather than electronic
components.

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References

• Wikipedia.org
• Google.com
• Seminarppt.com
• Studymafia.org
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