EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

OF THERMO-PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES OF NANO FLUIDS

By Dheeraj Endamuri
 PROPERTIES OF IDEAL FLUIID :

• Thermal capacity
• Non toxic
• Anti corrosive
• Viscosity
• Chemically inert
• Low cost
• No flash point
Thermal capacity :
• Thermal capacity is defined as the quantity of heat necessary to produce a unit
change of temperature in a unit mass of a material.
Viscosity :
• Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.
A fluidwith large viscosity resists motion because its molecular makeup gives it a lot of
internal friction. A fluid with low viscosity flows easily because its molecular makeup
results in very little friction when it is in motion.
Anti corrosive :
Anti-corrosion describes measures that are used to combat the occurrence and
progression of corrosion.
 INTRODUCTION

Nano fluid :
• Suspended nanoparticles in various base fluids can alter the fluid flow and heat transfer characters
of the base fluids. These suspension of nano sized particles in the base fluids are called
nanofluids.
• Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid, Typically water. The term
nanoparticle come from the Latin prefix “nano”. It prefix is used to denote the 10 -9of a unit.
• The much larger relative surface area of nanoparticles, compare to those of conventional particles,
Not only significantly improves heat transfer capabilities, But also increase the stability of the
suspension.

Nano particle used: Zinc Oxide (ZnO)

: MOTIVATION :
• Generally water is used as base fluid for heat transfer. Water has less Effective
absorption ability and limited thermal transport properties. To improve the
effective absorption of water and utilization of thermal energy and indirect
transfer of heat to fluid medium, we use Nanofluid.

• A nanofluid is a fluid containing nanometer-sized particles, called nanoparticles.

By using nanofluid we can increase the Rate of Heat Transfer and Efficiency. In
this project we opt ZINC OXIDE as nanoparticle and DISTILLED WATER as
base fluid. We prepare the nanofluids by considering 0.01gm of nano powder per
1 liter of Distilled water then the promising result will be obtained.
Flow chart for preparation of Nanofluid
PREPARATION OF NANOFLUID :

• Nanoparticles used in this method are first

produced as dry powders by chemical or physical
methods.
• Then the nanosized powder will be dispersed
into a fluid in the second processing step with the
help of intensive magnetic force agitation using
Magnetic Stirrer. Due to the high surface area
and surface activity, nanoparticles have the
tendency to aggregate.
• 1 Liter of water + 0.01 gm of ZnO + 0.2gm of sls
(sodium laurel sulphate.) = 1 Liter of ZnO
Nanofluid.
• Two-step method is the most widely used method
for preparing nanofluids.
 COMPOSITIONS :

COMPOSITION 1:

• In 1ltr of base fluid i.e. distilled water , 0.01 gm of ZnO Nano particle is added and started stirring
using magnetic stirrer at low speed and gradually increased and set to a constant speed of 1200rpm
and maintained a constant temperature of 300 C. For more stability and to enhance the dispersion of
the nano fluid 0.4gm sodium laural sulfate is added .Then after to maintain the optimum stability
ultrasonification has be done for the preparation Nano fluid.

COMPOSITION 2:

• Again in 1 ltr of base fluid i.e. distilled water, 0.01gm of ZnO Nano particle,0.4gm of Sodium
Lauyrl Sulphate is added and started stirring using magnetic stirrer and where stirred at a constant
speed of 1200rpm from low speed and set a constant temperature of 400 C. Then after to maintain
the optimum stability ultrasonification has be done for the preparation Nano fluid.
 WORKING PROCEDURE:

• Firstly, Beaker is cleaned with clean cloth.

• Then 1 liter of Distilled water is added in the Beaker.
• Now 0.01 gm of ZnO is weighed and added to the water.
• To stabilize the solution, Sodium Lauryl Sulphate is added to it.
• Then stirred at low speeds and gradually increasing in speed up to 1200 rpm, At
constant temperature of 30°c
• Repeat the above procedure at constant temp of 40° c
• And allowed to stabilize the nanofluids for 24 hours
NANOFLUID SAMPLES:

(a) Nanofluid after stirring for 30

mins

(b) Completely dissolved

Nanofluid
 OPERATORS :

We consider two parameters(Time and Temp.) for the preparation of nanofluids at

two different temperature and time being constant.
• Parts per million ( ppm)
* P1 = 0.01gm of ZnO.
• Temperature ( T )
* T1 = 30⁰C
* T2 = 40⁰C
• Time ( t )
* t = 1 hour
 STIRRER : :
MAGNETIC STIRRER
MAGNETIC
• A magnetic stirrer is a device that employs a rotating
magnetic field generated by a rotating magnet or
stationary electromagnet to cause a stirrer bar immersed
within a liquid to spin and thus quickly stir or mix the
solution.
• The magnetic stirrer operates on the principles of
attraction for opposite charges and repulsion for like
charges. The stirring speed is adjustable, and it is
frequently used to stir solvents of various viscosities. A
micromotor powers a magnet to create a rotating magnetic
field that rotates the stirring bar inside the vessel, enabling
a thoroughly mixed reaction to take place.
ULTRASONICATOR :

• The sonication process uses ultrasonic sound waves.

During the process, there is a production of thousands
of microscopic vacuum bubbles in the solution due to
applied pressure. The formed bubbles collapse into
the solution during the process of cavitation.

• The collapsing of bubbles takes place in the

cavitation field leading to the generation of enormous
energy as there is a production of waves. This results
in the disruption of the molecular interactions
between the molecules of water. As there is a
reduction in the molecular interactions, the particles
start to separate and allow the mixing process to take
place.
 CONCLUSION:

• It is shown that the use of nanofluids can lead to a considerable

increase in the heat transfer coefficient, as compared with that for the
base fluid. However, the effect obtained also depends on the
nanoparticle size and material.

• We can conclude that with the increase in temperature of the

Nanofluid, can also increase the thermophysical
properties of nanofluid.
 FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT :

• Nano fluids are used for their enhanced thermal properties as coolants in
heat transfer equipment such as heat exchangers, electronic cooling system
and radiators.
• Studies of nanofluids reveals high thermal conductivities and heat transfer
coefficients compared to those of conventional fluids.
• Mainly the Nanofluids are used in
* Chemical Industries
* Power sector
* Electronic Sector
SOLAR NUCLEAR
AEROSPACE
THANK YOU
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