WELL SPECIFIC

CEMENTATION PLANNING

Institute of Drilling Technology, ONGC Ltd.

Cost Effective Measures

Institute of Drilling Technology, ONGC Ltd.

1. Types of slurry – cost factor
Conventional slurry / Light weight slurry / synthetic fiber
Heavy weight slurry (conventional / engineered)

2. Consumable down-hole accessories

Centralizers / Spirolizer / Turbolizer / Swirlers
Special Centralizers (Solid type / roller type)

Institute of Drilling Technology, ONGC Ltd.

3. Adopting Technological advancement
Expandable casing / Exp Liner hanger /
PCRB centralizer

4. Rig days loss preventation

All measures to avoid repair jobs
WOC reduction / optimization / Proper Log
& Evaluation

Institute of Drilling Technology, ONGC Ltd.

5. Well planning for well cost reduction

Feasibility of cementation during planning stage

Feasibility after actual complication stage

Institute of Drilling Technology, ONGC Ltd.

 Case Study
Well # IP-12-Z (MR- 2011)

Institute of Drilling Technology, ONGC Ltd.

 Well : IP# 12-Z (MR)

• Sidetracking of Well- IP# 12 as LDST well

• Planned to reach TD at Bassein Field from IP platform
• Low frac gradient well with severe loss problem
• Landing at high angle of 70.9 deg
• Barefoot completion
 Pressure profile (Well- IP#12-Z)
Formation Pressure, LOT vs Depth

Pressure in MWE (gm/cc)

0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

0

500

1000
Depth (m)

Formation Pressure vs Depth

LOT vs Depth
1500

2000

2500
 Well Profile of IP-12 Z
0.0
VSection Ref Plane: through wellhead origin on azimuth 0.0 deg Section View

200.0

400.0

600.0

800.0
True Vertical Depth (m)

1000.0

1200.0

1400.0

1600.0

1800.0

2000.0
0.0 200.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 1000.01200.01400.01600.01800.02000.02200.02400.02600.02800.03000.03200.03400.03600.03800.04000.04200.04400.0
VSection (m)
 Casing Seat (Well- IP#12-Z)

20” Csg shoe-

300m

7 5/8x9 5/8” exp csg top-

133/8”:sh-C/1025m (919m) 1990m

7” H/Top-1950m

9 5/8” C/shoe- 2090m (1285m)

9 5/8” Exp.csg shoe-2675m (1476m)

7” Liner Shoe-3995m (1908m)

6” Drain Hole 4295 m

 Well : IP# 12-Z (MR)

• KOP- below 20” csg (300m) after retrieving 13-3/8” csg

• 13-3/8” casing @ 1025m (919m TVD), 60 deg inclination

above L-I

• 9-5/8” csg @ 2090m (1285m TVD), 71 Deg inclination

above L-III

• 9-5/8” expandable casing (1990- 2675m) (1476m TVD),

71 deg inclination covering L-III and part of L-IV

• 7” Flush liner joint (1950-3995m, MD) (1908m TVD)

angle 70.9 deg, basement top
 Cementing considerations

13-3/8” Casing Cementation @ 1025 m MD/ 919m TVD,

is feasible.
 Gel (Lead) slurry of 1.6 SG - Upto 525m from surface
(300m column)
 Neat (Tail) slurry of 1.9 SG - Upto 825m from surface
(200m column)

9-5/8” Casing Cementation @ 2090m MD/ 1285m TVD

with conventional slurry of 1.9 SG is quite feasible.
– Cement rise planned : Upto 1590 m from surface
(500 m column)
 7-5/8”x 9-5/8” Expandable Liner Cemtn
• Liner shoe @ 2675m MD/ 1476m TVD

• With 100m overlap, the total length of 685 m liner (1990-

2675 m) is to be cemented by raising the cement slurry upto
1940 m 50m plug above L/H).
• Cementing Consideration

• The open hole cement slurry volume may be considered for

the hole X casing after expansion instead of hole X casing
before expansion as in later case loss is expected.
• With 50m plug volume inside the 7-5/8”X9-5/8” casing (casing
expanded), vol of cement slurry = 13.0 m3
• This calculated volume occupies 521m annular column in the
unexpanded condition of the liner (Considering 30% caving).
 7-5/8”x 9-5/8” Expandable Liner Cemtn

With given LOT value of

• 1.5 mwe at the 9-5/8” casing shoe (2090m MD/ 1285m TVD)
• 1.3 mwe at the 7-5/8”x 9-5/8” expandable casing shoe (2675m MD/ 1476m
TVD)
Simulation studies show that,
• The pre-expansion liner Cementation job for 521m of cement column (13.0
M3 slurry) with1.9 SG slurry is feasible. (with controlled displacement rate)

To carry out cementation in such case

• Displacement rate:
– @ 2.0 m3/min for the initial 22.0 m3
– @ 1.7 m3/min for next 5.0 m3 volume
– @ 1.3 m3/min for next 3.0 m3 volume
– @ 1.0 m3/min for next 3.3 m3 volume (Plug hitting)

• The expected pressure at the end of displacement is around 800 psi.

 *
CemCADE Client
Well
: ONGC
: IP-12Z (MR)
String :
District : Dehradun
Country :

g/cm3
m
0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75

900
07-29-2011 LoadCase 7-5/8'' x 9-5/8'' Exp Csg Version wcs-cem441_51

0
Hydrostatic Well Head Pressure
Min. Hydrostatic Acquired WHP
Max. Dynamic
Min. Dynamic
Frac
Pore

1000

600
WHP (psi)
2000

300
3000
IP-12#Z- MR.cfw

0
0 20 40 60
Fluid Sequence Dynamic Well Security Time (min)

2 CW100 3.0 m3 1.00 g/cm3 New tonian: Visco. = 5.000 cP

3 Lead Slurry 13.0 m3 1.90 g/cm3 Pow er Law : k = 6.00E-3 lbf .s^n/f t2 n = 0.840

1 Mud 34.3 m3 1.05 g/cm3 Bingham: PV = 20.000 cP Ty = 25.00 lbf /100f t2

Total Depth = 2675.0 m Top of Cement = 2153.4 m

Simulation Graphs for 7-5/8” x 9-5/8” Expnd Casing Cemtn @ 2675m MD (521m column)
 *
CemCADE Client
Well
: ONGC
: IP-12Z (MR)
String :
District : Dehradun
Country :

Fluids at 2675 m Depth = 2675 m

2.1

1.4
07-29-2011 LoadCase 7-5/8'' x 9-5/8'' Exp Csg Version wcs-cem441_51

Acquired Q Out Annular Velocity

Acquired Q In
Q Out
1.8

1.2
Q In
Flow Rate (m3/min)
1.5

1.0
Ann. Velocity (m/s)
1.2

0.8
0.9

0.6
0.6

0.4
0.3

0.2
IP-12#Z- MR.cfw

0 20 40 60 0 0 20 40 60
Time (min) Time (min)

Total Depth = 2675.0 m Top of Cement = 2196.7 m

Simulation Graphs for 7-5/8” x 9-5/8” Expnd Casing Cemtn @ 2675m MD (521m column)
 7” Liner Cementation (2045m long)

• 7” Liner Shoe @ 3995m MD/ 1908m TVD

• Hydrocardon shows : 1737, 1817, 1884, 1900m TVD
• With 50m overlap (over the 9-5/8” casing) the total length of
2045 m liner (1940- 3995 m) is to be cemented by raising the
cement slurry upto 1900 m (50m plug above liner top is to be
kept).

With given LOT value of

• 1.3 mwe at 7-5/8”x 9-5/8” expandable casing shoe (1476m TVD)
• 1.35 mwe at the 7” liner shoe (1908m TVD)

Simulation studies show that,

• After lowering the liner, even mud circulation is not possible
without losses.
 7” Liner Cementation (2045m long)

Cementation with conventional slurry

• Cementation job is not feasible.
• Cementation is feasible without losses only when
• LOT value at the 7-5/8”x 9-5/8” expandable casing shoe
> 1.7 mwe & at the TD it is > 2.0 mwe
• Even if the LOT value is met, the expected pump
pressure during displacement is extremely high upto
2700 psi even at extremely slow discharge rate of
0.4m3/ min.
 *
CemCADE Client
Well
: ONGC
: IP-12# Z (MR)
String :
District : Dehradun
Country :

g/cm3
m
0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1

0.250.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.502.75

0
Hydrostatic Well Head Pressure
Min. Hydrostatic Acquired WHP
Max. Dynamic

40003500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

Min. Dynamic
07-29-2011 LoadCase 7'' Liner Version wcs-cem441_51

Frac
Pore

WHP (psi) (x 1000)

WARNING : LOSSES
IP-12#Z- MR.cfw

0 50 100 150
Fluid Sequence Dynamic Well Security Time (min)

3 CW100 3.0 m3 1.00 g/cm3 New tonian: Visco. = 5.000 cP

2 Lead Slurry 26.6 m3 1.90 g/cm3 Pow er Law : k = 8.00E-1 lbf .s^n/f t2 n = 0.008

1 Mud 58.4 m3 1.12 g/cm3 Bingham: PV = 20.000 cP Ty = 25.00 lbf /100f t2

Total Depth = 3995.0 m

Simulation Graphs for 7” Liner Cemtn @ 3995m MD (2045m column)

With conventional slurry of 1.90 SG
 *
CemCADE Client
Well
: ONGC
: IP-12# Z (MR)
String :
District : Dehradun
Country :

0.550
Fluids at 3995 m Depth = 3995 m
0.84

0.525
Acquired Q Out Annular Velocity
0.400.440.480.520.560.600.640.680.720.760.80

Acquired Q In
Q Out

0.500
Q In
07-29-2011 LoadCase 7'' Liner Version wcs-cem441_51

0.475
Flow Rate (m3/min)

Ann. Velocity (m/s)

0.300
0.275 0.350
0.325 0.400
0.375 0.450
0.425
IP-12#Z- MR.cfw

0.250
0.36

0 50 100 150 0 50 100 150

Time (min) Time (min)

Total Depth = 3995.0 m

Simulation Graphs for 7” Liner Cemtn @ 3995m MD (2045m column)

With conventional slurry of 1.90 SG
 7” Liner Cementation (2045m long)

In case light weight slurry of 1.46 SG is used

• Cementation job is not feasible.
• Cementation job is manageable without losses only
when
• LOT value at the 7-5/8”x 9-5/8” expandable casing shoe
> 1.68 mwe & at the TD it is > 1.85 mwe
• In such case, displacement during cementation is
possible at comparatively higher discharge rate
• Expected pump press at the end of displacement is
around 2200 psi at controlled discharge rate.
 *
CemCADE Client
Well
: ONGC
: IP-12# Z (MR)
String :
District : Dehradun
Country :

g/cm3
m
0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1

2400
0
Hydrostatic Well Head Pressure
Min. Hydrostatic Acquired WHP
Max. Dynamic

40003500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

2200
Min. Dynamic
07-29-2011 LoadCase 7'' Liner Version wcs-cem441_51

Frac
Pore

2000
WARNING : LOSSES

WHP (psi)
1800
1600
1400
IP-12#Z- MR.cfw

1200
0 40 80 120
Fluid Sequence Dynamic Well Security Time (min)

3 CW100 3.0 m3 1.00 g/cm3 New tonian: Visco. = 5.000 cP

2 Lead Slurry 26.6 m3 1.46 g/cm3 Pow er Law : k = 8.00E-1 lbf .s^n/f t2 n = 0.008

1 Mud 58.4 m3 1.12 g/cm3 Bingham: PV = 20.000 cP Ty = 25.00 lbf /100f t2

Total Depth = 3995.0 m

Simulation Graphs for 7” Liner Cemtn @ 3995m MD (2045m column)

With Light weight slurry of 1.46 SG
 *
CemCADE Client
Well
: ONGC
: IP-12# Z (MR)
String :
District : Dehradun
Country :

Fluids at 3995 m Depth = 3995 m

0.68
1.1

Acquired Q Out Annular Velocity

0.28 0.32 0.36 0.40 0.44 0.48 0.52 0.56 0.60 0.64
Acquired Q In
Q Out
1.0

Q In
07-29-2011 LoadCase 7'' Liner Version wcs-cem441_51

0.9
Flow Rate (m3/min)

Ann. Velocity (m/s)

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
IP-12#Z- MR.cfw

0.24
0.3

0 30 60 90 120 0 30 60 90 120
Time (min) Time (min)

Total Depth = 3995.0 m

Simulation Graphs for 7” Liner Cemtn @ 3995m MD (2045m column)

With Light weight slurry of 1.46 SG
 Summary

• For the 7” Liner Cementation with the H/T at 1940m (50m overlap)
and for the given LOT values simulation studies show that

• After lowering the liner, mud circulation is not possible without losses.

• Cementation with conventional slurry of 1.90 SG is also not feasible

without losses.

• Moreover, even for light weight cement slurry of 1.46 SG,

cementation job is not feasible without losses.

• For the given parameters, cementation without loss is not feasible

even for a cement slurry density of 1.0 SG. (Shown in graph)

• If the cementation is planned with slurry density less than 1.0 SG

(whereas the pore pressure value is 1.07 SG) it indicates the entry of
influx.
 Consideration for Suggestion

• Requirement is to produce from 6”

drain hole below 7” liner

• Isolation is important at shoe and H/top

not in-between

• Loss cannot be avoided in any case

even by using light weight slurry
 Suggestion

• To undertake cement job with conventional slurry

even in loss condition

• To squeeze at hanger top in case Hanger Top leaks

and to be sealed and tested at desired pressure

• To improve upon loss situation

– Expandable L/Hanger to be used

– Flush joint casing to be used

 Case Study
Well # PDAA (Cauvery- 2010)

Institute of Drilling Technology, ONGC Ltd.

 Well# PDAA
Well details:
8 ½” Phase TD = 4810m, (FINAL TD : 5200M)

7” Casing Cementation was planned at TD

Prev. Csg shoe = 3853m (9-5/8”)

LOT value at prev. c/s =1.84 mwe

Concern:
Well was originally planned for PP of 1.3 mwe

Mud wt was required to be increased during actual drilling of the well

Final Mud weight at 4810m = 1.75 SG (Pv=38 & Yp= 25)

 Well# PDAA

With LOT Value of 1.84 @ 3853m, Simulation showed

• With drill string in the hole
Mud circulation possible at 70 spm w/o inducing loss.
• If 7” Casing is lowered,
Mud circulation is not possible (Loss will be induced
even at discharge rate of 0.3 M3/min (15- 20 spm)
• If 7” Liner is lowered,
Mud circulation is feasible @ 1.1 m3/min discharge.
Cementation of 7" casing (option – I)
If 7” casing is lowered, for mud wt of 1.75 SG, even mud circulation is not
possible (Loss expected even at discharge rate of 0.3 M3/min)
g/cm3
m
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

16
0
Hydrostatic Pump Pressure
Min. Hydrostatic Acquired WHP
Max. Dynamic
Frac
1000 Pore

14
WHP (psi) (x 100)
WARNING : LOSSES
2000
3000

12
4000
5000

10
0 200 400 600 800
Fluid Sequence Dynamic Well Security Time (min)
7” csg cementation
• Feasible, only if the formation strength at the prev. shoe > 2.02 mwe. (for
1.75 SG mud wt)
• Also feasible if the mud wt is maintained at max. 1.55 SG (@1.0 m3/min
discharge rate) (Graph below)
g/cm3
m
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

2.4 2.6
0 Hydrostatic Pump Pressure
Min. Hydrostatic Acquired WHP
Max. Dynamic
Frac
Pore

2.2
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
WHP (psi) (x 1000)
2500.0

1.0
0.6 0.8
5000.0

0 20 40 60 80 100
120
Fluid Sequence Dynamic Well Security Time (min)
Cementation of 7" Liner (option –II)
With 1.75 sg mud wt, liner cementation at 4810m (1107m column) is the best
option with major displacement rate of 1.1 M3/min
g/cm3
m
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

1.50
0
Hydrostatic Well Head Pressure
Min. Hydrostatic Acquired WHP
Max. Dynamic
Min. Dynamic

1.25
1000 Frac
Pore

1.00
WHP (psi) (x 1000)
2000

0.75
3000

0.50
4000

0.25
5000

0 50 100
Fluid Sequence Dynamic Well Security Time (min)
Feasibility of 5-1/2” casing cementation
Just manageable. The allowable maxm discharge rate during displacement
is 0.65 M3/min. Loss at the 9-5/8” casing shoe is expected for higher
displacement rate.
g/cm3
m
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

1250
0
Hydrostatic Well Head Pressure
Min. Hydrostatic Acquired WHP
Max. Dynamic
Min. Dynamic
Frac
Pore

1000
WHP (psi)
2500.0

750
500
5000.0

250

0 50 100 150
Fluid Sequence Dynamic Well Security Time (min)
Result:
•7” casing was lowered, circulation not
established at 9-5/8” csg shoe
•Casing lowered upto TD and then mud wt was
reduced, no circulation
•Blind cementation carried out. Poor CBL/ VDL
•Well encountered complication during cement
repair job leading to substitute well PDAA_sub
Inferences:
•Change of casing lowering plan could have
been adopted, keeping in view of the
cementing requirement.
•With tie-back arrangement, 7” liner could have
been lowered & cemented
•As alternate option, 5-1/2” casing could have
been done.
 Well# PDAA (Sub)
Cementation Plan:
20” Casing Cementation @ 600 m
• Gel (Lead) slurry of 1.6 g/cc.- Upper 400m column
• Neat (Tail) slurry of 1.85 g/cc.- Lower 200m column

13-3/8” Casing Cementation @ 2300 m

With given LOT/ frac value, Simulation studies show that,
• Cementation for 600m column with 1.90 SG slurry is feasible.
• Pump pressure is around 800 psi at the end of displacement

9-5/8” Casing Cementation @ 4000 m

With given LOT/ frac value, Simulation studies show that,
• Cementation for 800m column with of 1.90/ 1.97 SG slurry is feasible.
• Pump pressure is around 1200 psi at the end of displacement
 Well# PDAA (Sub)
Production Casing cementation- Challenges
• Mud weight planned for this phase is 1.55 SG, which may
require to be increased due to well requirement
• 5-1/2” casing is quite feasible even if the mud weight is
increased upto 1.79 SG
• However, for fracturing operation, the well need to be
completed with 7” string
• Moreover, for fracturing point of view, a perfect
cementation is a must for zonal separation
 Well# PDAA (Sub)
Cementation Plan: 7” Casing Cementation @ 4818m
Cement rise upto 4185m from surface (633m column with 200m above
the top most object) may be planned
With given LOT/ frac value, Simulation studies show that
7” casing cementation with slurry of 1.97 SG is feasible.
Expected pump press is around 2200 psi during displacement

In case the mud weight is increased beyond 1.55 SG,

• The cementation is feasible for mud weight upto 1.63 SG. The pump
pressure remains around 2200 psi.
• For mud weight >1.63 SG, the ECD value exceeds the frac value at the
9-5/8” casing shoe (4000m) and loss is expected there.
• If mud wt is increased beyond 1.71 SG, even circulation is not possible
after lowering the casing
Simulation Graphs for 7” Casing Cemtn @ 4818m (633m column)
With mud weight of 1.55 SG
g/cm3
m
0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1

2.3
0
Hydrostatic Pump Pressure
Min. Hydrostatic Acquired WHP
Max. Dynamic
Frac

2.1
Pore

1000

1.9
WHP (psi) (x 1000)
2000

1.5 1.7
3000

1.3
4000

1.1
5000

0.9 0 100 200

Fluid Sequence Dynamic Well Security Time (min)
 Well# PDAA (Sub)
Cementation Plan: 7” Liner Cementation @ 4818m
Overlap considered = 100m
Total Length of Liner = 3900 - 4818m (918m)

With given LOT/ frac value, Simulation studies show that,

Cementation job with silica flour mixed slurry of 1.97 SG is feasible.
The expected pump pressure is around 1600 psi during displacement

In case the mud weight is increased beyond 1.55 SG,

• 7” liner cementation is feasible for mud weight upto 1.82 SG. The
pump pressure remains around 1600 psi.
• For mud weight >1.82 SG, the ECD value exceeds the frac value at the
9-5/8” casing shoe (4000m) and loss is expected there.
Simulation Graphs for 7” Liner Cemtn @ 4818m (918m column)
With mud weight of 1.55 SG
g/cm3
m
0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1

1.75
0
Hydrostatic Pump Pressure
Min. Hydrostatic Acquired WHP
Max. Dynamic
Frac

1.50
Pore

1.25
2000

WHP (psi) (x 1000)

0.75 1.00
4000

0.50
0.25
6000

0
0 40 80
Fluid Sequence Dynamic Well Security Time (min)
Remark:
With the given LOT and mud weight of 1.55 SG, any of the option
among 5-1/2” casing, 7” casing or 7” liner can be adopted
For any anticipated increase of mud weight beyond 1.55 SG,
• 7” casing cementation is feasible for mud weight upto 1.63 SG
• 5-1/2” casing cementation is feasible for mud wt upto 1.79 SG,
• 7” liner cementation is feasible for mud weight upto 1.82 SG.
During actual drilling, if the mud weight is maintained at or below
1.55 SG and if 7” casing is planned, the cement rise upto 3900m
(100m inside the previous casing shoe) may be preferred. In this
case the required pump pressure is around 2300 psi.
Thank You