ELEMENTS OF

AUDITORY ARTS AND

THE COMBINED ARTS
Lesson 12
Prepared by:
Angeles, Angel Fran Nicole E.
Plenago, Gwen D.
Temprosa, Karl Cedrick M.
De Leon, Lance C.
Maluyo, Arthur S. Jr.
Capuchino, Angelo G.
 The Elements of Music
Music is highly useful art that originates in nature and
has been taken up by humanity as a way of expression.
It has the power to influence emotional and
psychological aspects of behavior. It has major
elements, namely:
1. Harmony (From the Greek harmonia, meaning “joint or
agreement”) - It refers to the verticalization of pitch. It is
often thought as the art of combining pitches into chords.
These chords are usually arranged into sentence-like patterns
called chord progressions.

2. Key- It is known as tonality, a principle in music

composition wherein at the end of the piece there is a feeling
of completion by going back to the tonic.
3. Melody (From a Greek meloidia, which
means “singing” or “chanting”)- It refers to
the tune of a song or piece of music.
4. Pitch- It refers to the perceptual property
that allows the ordering of sounds on a
frequency-related scale either relative
lowness or highness.
5. Rhythm- It comes from a Greek word
rhythmos, which means “any regular
recurring motion.” It is the pattern of the
sound in time and beats in music.
6. Tempo- It regards to the speed (slow or
fast) of a given piece of music.
7. Texture- It refers to how the harmonic materials are
combined in a composition. It could be monophonic
(single melodic line), polyphonic (two or more
melodic lines) and homophonic (the main melody
accompanied by chords).

8. Timbre- It refers to the quality of the sound (tone)

that distinguishes one voice or
instrument from another.
The Elements of
Drama
1. Audience. The audience is the body of theatre-goers that the
writer always had in mind when he/she wrote the play. The role of
the audience is to witness the production and to encourage the actors
through their applause and appreciation.

2. Dialogue. The dialogue is a technique in which playwright used

two or more characters to be engaged in conversation with one
another. It has two parts: Inner Dialogue (the characters speak to
themselves and reveal their personalities like a monologue) and the
Outer Dialogue (a simple conversation between two characters in a
play).
3. Plot. It refers to the order of events or story that
occurred in a play. What the characters do, how they
interact, the course of their lives as narrated by the
story, and what happens to them in the end, constitutes
the plot.

4. Stagecraft. It refers to the technical aspects of

theatrical production, which include costume design,
lighting, scenic design, stage machinery, sound, and
makeup.
5. Convention. It refers to the technique of actions
established by the director to the actors to create a
desired dramatic effect.
6. Genres. It refers to the types of acts used in a drama
in showing an emotional and relational development of
realistic characters.

7. Characterization. It is a writer's ability to match the

Protagonist against an Antagonist. The protagonist is
the main character in a story while the antagonist is the
opposition.
Other Dramatic Elements
Dramatic elements are the center of all drama. They can
be used in isolation and are manipulated by a performer
for a spectacular result. The following are the other
dramatic elements:
1. Climax. It is the highest point of dramatic tension
or conflict in a story or play. Without the climax, a
story will have lack of excitement or an overarching
meaning.

2. Conflict. It is a vital element of drama and script

writing. It is an essential ingredient for all dramatic
performances. It can be between two or more
characters, or just one (inner conflict). It can be verbal
(physical) or non-verbal (psychological).
3. Contrast. The use of variation in a drama is a useful way
to focus the audience's attention. Without the careful use of
contrast, a performance is dull and lacks tension. A
prominent example of contrast is a sad scene followed by a
happy one.
4. Focus. It is used interchangeably with the terms
concentration and engagement in assisting the performer in
the portrayal of believable personae. It also suggests
memorization of word, moves, gestures, and requires
channeling (focusing) of all the performer’s energies into
achieving the given goals of a character.
5. Language. It is the written script that helps achieve any
performance. The use of words in performance can be verbal
(vocal) or non-verbal (body language). It can also be sung or
chanted as a major means of communicating the story of the
drama to the viewers.

6. Mood. It refers to the emotion or tone of a performance

through a combination of several stagecrafts and dramatic
elements that harmoniously work with each other. The mood of
production is linked with common feelings such as anger, desire,
frustration, or pity. It can also be through lighting, sound,
movement, setting, rhythm, contrast, or conflict.
7. Rhythm. It refers to the speed and timing (beat or
tempo) of the play that follows the
emotional state of one or more characters of the
performance.

8. Sound. It is a means of creating an atmosphere or mood

in a play. Small props sometimes produced sound effects
that can be used live during a performance.

9. Space. It refers to the practical use of available area

utilized by the actors, such as crawling, bending over,
sitting, or lying down.
10. Symbol. It refers to the objects or sets and props used in
theatre performances. They are intended to arouse some
concept or emotion in the mind of the audience.
11. Tension. This can sometimes be similar to the term
conflict. The tension form when audience anticipates
specific outcomes in the plot of the story. The development
of tension usually parallels the advancement of the plot,
leading to the climax.
12. Timing. It refers to the dramatic phases or
synchronization of movements and gestures of the various
parts of production for theatrical effect.
Thank You