LESSON OBJECTIVE

EXPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN

OUTLINE USING NOTES FROM PRIMARY
AND SECONDARY SOURCES
 “EXPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN
OUTLINE USING NOTES FROM PRIMARY AND
SECONDARY SOURCES”
 What is an OUTLINE?

It is a map of your essay.

It shows what information each section or
paragraph will contain, and in what order.
The general plan of what you are going to
write.
 Why create an OUTLINE?
 An outline provides a summary and shows the logical flow of a paper.
 Itmay be helpful to create an outline when you want to show the
hierarchical relationship or logical ordering of information.
 Forresearch papers, an outline may help you keep track of large
amounts of information.
 For creative writing, outline may help organize the various plot
threads and help keep track of character traits.
 Many people find that organizing an oral report or presentation in
outline form helps them speak more effectively in front of audience.
Below are the primary reasons for creating an outline:
Aids in the process of writing
Helps you organize your ideas
Presents your material in a logical form
Shows the relationships among ideas in your
writing
Constructs an ordered overview of your writing
Defines boundaries and groups
 How to OUTLINE?
TITLE
I. Main Topic
A. First subtopic of I
1. Supporting details of A
a. Supporting details of 1
b. Supporting details of 1
2. Supporting detail of A
B. Second subtopic of I
II. Main Topic
A. First subtopic of II
B. Second subtopic of II
 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES?
PRIMARY SOURCES – provides immediate, first-hand
accounts of a topic or evidence that originally and
directly comes from the main source of information.
Examples: artifacts, original research,
autobiographies, emails, diaries, speeches,
interviews, letters, surveys, census or economic,
statistics, artwork, performance, poem, newspaper
reports, photographs, and video or audio that capture
an event.
SECONDARY SOURCES – are one step removed from
primary sources, though they often quote or otherwise
use primary sources. They can cover the same topic,
but add a layer of interpretation and analysis.
EXAMPLES: Biographies, commentaries, dictionaries,
documentaries, history books, literary reviews and
textbooks, books about specific subject, article
critiquing the piece of art, analysis or
interpretation of data, scholarly or other articles
about any topic especially by people not directly
involve.
 Thesis: The abuse of alcohol and drugs can affect a person
economically, physically, and psychologically
TOPIC OUTLINE
 I. Economical effects (Main Idea)
A. Alcohol (Sub-idea)
1. Cost of alcohol purchases (detail of A)
2. Cost of DUIs (details of A)
B. Drugs ( sub-point)
3. Cost of drug purchases (detail of B)
4. Cost of drug arrest (detail of B)
II. Psychological effects
A. Alcohol
1. Mental impairment
2. Mental addiction
II. Psychological effects
A. Alcohol
1. Mental impairment
2. Mental addiction
B. Drugs
3. Mental impairment
4. Mental addiction
III. Physical effects
A. Alcohol
1. Liver disease
2. Alcohol poisoning
B. Drugs
3. Brain damage
4. Drug overdose
Thesis: The abuse of alcohol and drugs can effect a
person economically, psychologically, and physically.
SENTENCE OUTLINE
I. Alcohol and drug abuse can affect one economically.
A. The cost of alcohol abuse is high and getting higher
1. The costs of DUIs can be enormous.
2. Alcoholcosts are always rising because of rising production
costs as well as state and local taxes.
B. The cost drug abuse can be high.
1. Even the arrest for the possession of a minute amount of
drugs can result in high ball and court cost.
2. The cost of drugs fluctuates drastically according to the type
of drug, its availability, and the amount.
II. Alcohol and drug can have severe psychological effects
A. Alcohol abuse can damage a person psychologically.
1. Alcohol is a depressant and can alter the personality of
anyone.
2. The abuse of alcohol can lead to the psychological addiction
to alcohol.
B. Drug abuse can be detrimental to one physically
3. Drugsimpair one’s ability to function normally because of the
hallucinations or numbness of “getting high.”
4. Drugs can become a psychological addiction.
III. Alcohol and drug abuse can affect one physically.
A.Alcohol and drug abuse can cause physical problems.
1. The most common disease among alcoholics is cirrhosis
of the liver.
2. The massive consumption of alcohol can lead to
alcohol poisoning and death.
B. Drug abuse has many physical implications
3. Drug abuse has been linked to the damage of the brain
tissue.
4. The unpredictability of drugs can lead to an overdose
and death.
 RULES IN OUTLINING:
Do not mix topic and sentence outline methods.
Indent properly.
In a sentence outline, begin each point with a capital
letter and place a period after division number letter
and at the end of the sentence.
In a topic outline, begin each point with a capital
letter and place a period each after each division
number of letter. Do not place periods after ideas.
Strive for parallel words among outline topics and sub-
topics.