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Title Future Horizons:

Advancements in Ship
Safety and the Evolution
of LL 1966e Here
Putu Dwipayana
[10.E.24/PTRN]
P O L I T E K N I K P E L AYA R A N S U R A B AYA
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International Convention on
Load Line Rules 1966

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International Convention on Load Lines 1966
Adoption: 5 April 1966; Entry into force: 21 July 1968

The first International Convention on Load Lines,

adopted in 1930, was based on the principle of
reserve buoyancy, although it was recognized then
that the freeboard should also ensure adequate
stability and avoid excessive stress on the ship's hull
as a result of overloading.

In the 1966 Load Lines convention, adopted by IMO,

provisions are made determining the freeboard of
ships by subdivision and damage stability
calculations.

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The Convention includes three annexes.

Annex I is divided into four Chapters:

Chapter I - General;
Chapter II - Conditions of assignment of freeboard;
Chapter III - Freeboards;
Chapter IV - Special requirements for ships assigned timber freeboards.
Annex II covers Zones, areas and seasonal periods.
Annex III contains certificates, including the International Load Line
Certificate.
Various amendments were adopted in 1971, 1975, 1979, and 1983 but they
required positive acceptance by two-thirds of Parties and never came into
force.

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Application

Convention shall apply to ships engaged

on international voyages, except:

warships;
* new ships of less than 24 metres in length;
* existing ships of less than 150 tons gross;
* pleasure yachts not engaged in trade, and;
* fishing vessels.

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Repairs, alterations and modifications

1. A ship which undergoes repairs, alterations,
modifications and outfitting related thereto shall continue
to comply with at least the requirements previously
applicable to the ship. An existing ship in such a case shall
not, as a rule, comply to a lesser extent with the
requirements for a new ship than it did before.

2. Repairs, alterations and modifications of a major

character and outfitting related thereto should meet the
requirements for a new ship in so far as the Administration
deems reasonable and practicable.

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Assignment Master title style
Freeboard

The surveyor provides the Assigning Authority with it report, which gives the results of the survey, and
if that proves satisfactory freeboards are assigned to the ship. The owner is then given particulars of the
freeboards assigned and the positions in which Load Lines, the Deck line and the load line mark to be
actually marked. The owner is also given two copies of the surveyor's report and is issued with a 'Load
Line Certificate’.

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Load line Master title style
Certificate

• A Load Lines Certificates is valid for not more than 5 years

after the date of completion of the survey, subject to annual
endorsements (Annual survey) within 3 months either way of
each anniversary date of the certificate. This to ensure that
alterations have not been made to the hull or superstructures
which would affect the calculation determining the position of
the Load Line and so as to ensure the maintenance in an
effective condition of fittings and appliances for:

1. Protection of openings.
2. Guard rails
3. Freeing port, and
4. Means of access to crews’ quarters.
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Issue of certificates
1. An International Load Line Certificate (1966) shall be
issued to every ship which has been surveyed and marked
in accordance with the present Convention.
2. Such certificates shall be issued by the Administration or
by any person or organization duly authorized by it. In
every case, the Administration assumes full responsibility
for the certificate.

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The authority may cancel a certificate if:

1. The ship does not comply with the conditions of

assignment.
2. The structural strength of the ship is lowered to an
unsafe standard (that makes the ship unsafe)
3. The information on which the freeboards were assigned
was incorrect
4. A new certificate is issued
5. The ship ceases to be registered in the country
(Malaysia)
6. The ship is not periodically inspected (the survey not
done or defects not corrected). 1010
 Suspension
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1. In case of styleor other extraordinary
hostilities
circumstances which affect the vital interests of a State

“
the Government of which is a Contracting Government,
that Government may suspend the operation of the
whole or any part of the present Convention. The
suspending Government shall immediately give notice
of any such suspension to the Organization.
2. Such suspension shall not deprive other Contracting
Governments of any right of control under the
present Convention over the ships of the suspending
Government when such ships are within their ports.
3. The suspending Government may at any time terminate
such suspension and shall immediately give notice of
such termination to the Organization.
4. The Organization shall notify all Contracting
Governments of any suspension or termination of
suspension under this Article.
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titleinspections
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• (a) An initial survey before the ship is put in service,
which shall include a complete inspection of its
structure and equipment in so far as the ship is
covered by the present Convention. The survey shall
be such as to ensure that the arrangements, materials
and scantlings fully comply with the requirements of
the present Convention.

• (b) A renewal survey at intervals specified by the

Administration but not exceeding five years, which
shall be such as to ensure that the structure,
equipment, arrangements, materials and scantlings
fully comply with the requirements of the present
Convention. 1212
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Deck to edit
Line Master title
(Regulation 4) style

The deck line is a horizontal line 300 mm in length and 25

mm in breadth. It shall be marked amidships on each side of
the ship, and its upper edge shall normally pass through the
point where the continuation outwards of the upper surface of
the freeboard deck intersects the outer surface of the shell
plating

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However, the deck line may be placed with reference to another
fixed point on the ship on condition that the freeboard is
correspondingly corrected and that the reference point location
and the identification of the freeboard deck is
clearly indicated on the International Load Line Certificate.

This is typical in the case of a ship having a radiuses sheer strake

(rounded gunwale)

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Regulation
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Load Line Mark

The Load Line Mark shall consist of a ring 300 mm in

outside diameter and 25 mm wide which is intersected
by a horizontal line 450 mm in length and 25 mm in
breadth, the upper edge of which passes through the
centre of the ring. The centre of the ring shall be
placed amidships and at a distance equal to the
assigned summer freeboard measured vertically below
the upper edge of the deck line.

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Load Line Master title style
Mark

450 mm

25 mm

300 mm

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Minimum editboards
Master title style
are assigned so that a vessel remain
seaworthy when loaded and to provide reserve buoyancy so
that:

1. The vessel will not be in danger of foundering in heavy seas

2. In the event of major damage the vessel will still remain afloat
or will sink slowly enough so as to enable the crew to get
clear

International convention has divided the world into zones the

least dangerous 'Tropical' zone and the most dangerous
'winter, North Atlantic'. The winter in the North Atlantic is
notoriously rugged and so that is where the ship needs the
greatest amount of intact space above the waterline.
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Load line Master title style
Zones

• The seasonal zones, areas and periods that determine the

appropriate load line in a particular sea area at a given time of
year are by way of the chart.
• The Tropical, Summer and Winter freeboard zones are based
upon the following weather criteria:
• Summer Zones – Regions where not more than 10% of wind
speeds exceed force 8 Beaufort (34 knots).
• Tropical Zones – Regions where not more than 1% of wind
speeds exceed force 8 Beaufort (34 knots) and not more than
one tropical storm in a ten-year period occurs in an area of 5º
latitude/longitude square in any one separate calendar month.
• Winter Zones – Are all other regions.
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• Tropical Zone: - The permanent tropical is colored

'green' on the zone chart, the boundary north and south
of it may be seen on the zone chart. The ships are
allowed to load up to tropical Load line when they are in
this zone through out the year.

• Seasonal Tropical or Summer Zones or Areas: - these

zone or areas are found on the zone chart with 'Light
Green colors', which lies between the permanent tropical,
and summer zones. The ships loading in these areas are
required to load according to the" season. Seasonal
period for this is as:
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Regulation
Information to be supplied to the master

(1) The master of every new ship shall be supplied with sufficient information, in
an approved form, to enable him to arrange for the loading and ballasting of
his ship in such a way as to avoid the creation of any unacceptable stresses
in the ship's structure, provided that this requirement need not apply to any
particular length, design or class of ship where the Administration considers
it to be unnecessary.

(2) The master of every new ship which is not already provided with stability
information under an international convention for the safety of life at sea in
force shall be supplied with sufficient information in an approved form to
give him guidance as to the stability of the ship under varying conditions of
service, and a copy shall be furnished to the Administration.

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Preparation
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1) Check that all access openings at ends of enclosed structures
are in good conditions. All dogs, clamps and hinges to be free
and well greased. All gaskets and water-tight seals should be
crack free. Ensure that the doors open from both sides
2) Check all cargo hatches and access to holds for weather
tightness
3) Check the efficiency and securing of portable beams
4) If portable wooden hatch covers are used check that they are
in good condition
5) If tarpaulins are used at least two should be provided for each
hatch and in good condition

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6) Inspect all machinery space opening on exposed deck
7) Check that any manholes and flush scuttles are capable of
being made watertight
8) Check that all ventilator openings are provided with efficient
weather tight closing appliance
9) All air pipe should be provided with satisfactory means for
closing and opening
10) Inspect any cargo ports below the freeboard deck and ensure
that all of them are watertight

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11) Ensure that non return valves on overboard valves are
operating in a satisfactory manner
12) Side scuttles and openings below the freeboard deck must
have efficient internal watertight deadlights
13) Check that all freeing ports are in satisfactory conditions
14) All guard-rails and bulwarks should be satisfactory condition
15) De rust and paint the deck line, load line marks, load line and
the draught marks

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