Article

a, an and the are indefinite

article. a and an are articles used only for singular countable nouns.

(i) A consonant sound ( a sound other

than a, e, i ,o and u) e.g. a) I have a blue eraser. b) There is a tiger in the cage. c) Which do you prefer, a dress or a skirt?

(ii) The u sound :

e.g. a) My mother buys a uniform for me. b) Alices sister is studying in a university. c) German is a European country.

(i)

A vowel sound (a, e, i, o and u) e.g. Ali is eating an ice-cream. An airplane is flying in the sky. He saw an old man in the garden just now.

a) b) c)

(ii) The silent h sound

e.g. a) Meng Jun is an honest boy. b) Alex is an honour to his family. c) We have to take an hour journey before we can reach there.

Definite Article -- The

Can be used for both singular and plural nouns.

(i) To point out objects that are already

mentioned or known.
e.g. a) He bought a car. The car is red. b) Kit Lim saw an old lady. The old lady walks very slowly. c) My mother sewed a dress. The dress is for me.

(ii) To refer to a particular person, animal, thing

or place. e.g. The lady in a blue dress is my cousin. That is the boy who has taken my bag mistakenly. The green shirt on the bed belongs to him.

a) b) c)

(iii) To show something that is unique

or one of its kind.

e.g. The moon is round tonight. The sun shines brightly. Those birds are flying highly in the sky.

a)
b) c)

(iv) To refer to a thing in general.

a) b) c)

e.g. The cactus can be found in deserts. The elephant is a large animal. The whale is living in the sea.

(v) Before the superlative form of an

adjective.
e.g. She is the tallest girl in my class. What is the biggest animal on land? Who is the most intelligent student in this class?

a)
b) c)

Interjections
-short exclamations like Oh! or Ah! -no real grammatical value -more used in speaking. -followed by an exclamation mark (!) when written.

Ahis used:
i)To express pleasure. Example: Ah, that feels good! ii)To express realization. Example: Ah, now I understand! iii)To express resignation. Example: Ah well, it can't be helped! iv)To express surprise. Example: Ah! I've won!

Ehis used:
i)To ask for repetition. Example: It's hot today. Eh! I said it's hot today. ii)To express enquiry. Example: What do you think of that, eh! iii)To express surprise. Example: Eh! Really? iv)To invite agreement. Example: Let's go, eh!

Hello is used:
i)To express greeting. Example: "Hello! John. How are you today?

ii)To express unsatisfaction. Example: "Hello! My car's gone! Please do something!"

Oh is used:
i)To express surprise. Example: "Oh! You're here!

ii)To express pain. Example: "Oh! I've got a toothache. iii)To express pleading. Example:"Oh, please say 'yes'!"

Well is used:
i)To express surprise. Example:"Well, I never expect it to happen! ii)To introduce a remark. Example:"Well, pardon me, what did he say?"

Other examples of interjections

Ouch! Wow! Yerk! Gosh! Goodness! Well done! Hey! Aah! Yuck!