HUMIDITY &

CONDENSATION
HUMIDITY
Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor or
moisture present in the air. It is a measure of the
concentration of water vapor in the air, usually
expressed as a percentage of the maximum
amount of moisture that the air can hold at a given
temperature and pressure. The higher the
humidity, the more moisture is present in the air.

Relative humidity is the most commonly used

measure of humidity.
CONDENSATION
Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the
air changes into liquid water. This occurs when the
temperature of the air drops below its dew point
temperature, which is the temperature at which the air
becomes saturated with water vapor and can no longer
hold all the moisture.

When the air is cooled, it loses its ability to hold as much

water vapor and the excess moisture in the air condenses
into tiny droplets of liquid water, forming what we
commonly refer to as dew or fog. This process is also
responsible for the formation of clouds and precipitation.
PROPERTIES OF WATER CYCLE

The water cycle, also known as the

hydrologic cycle, is the continuous
process by which water moves
from one part of the Earth to
another, cycling through various
stages including evaporation,
condensation, precipitation, and
runoff.
WATER CYCLE
Evaporation: This is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a
gas or vapor, and is lifted into the atmosphere. It occurs when solar energy
heats the surface of the Earth, causing water to evaporate from oceans,
lakes, and other bodies of water.

Condensation: This is the process by which water vapor in the air changes
into liquid water, forming clouds. It occurs when the temperature of the air
drops below its dew point temperature, causing water vapor to condense
into tiny droplets of liquid water.
WATER CYCLE
Precipitation: This is the process by which water falls from the atmosphere
to the Earth's surface, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Precipitation occurs
when clouds become saturated with moisture and cannot hold any more
water, causing the water droplets to fall back to the Earth's surface.

Infiltration: This is the process by which precipitation enters the soil and
replenishes groundwater reservoirs. It occurs when water seeps into the
ground, moving through soil and rocks until it reaches the water table.
WATER CYCLE
Transpiration: This is the process by which plants release water vapor into
the air through their leaves. It occurs when water is taken up by plant roots
and transported to the leaves where it evaporates into the atmosphere.

Runoff: This is the process by which water flows over the surface of the
Earth and into rivers, lakes, and oceans. It occurs when precipitation or
melting snow and ice cannot be absorbed by the ground, and flows into
nearby bodies of water.
EFFECTS OF HUMIDITY TO WEATHER CONDITIONS

Humidity can have a significant impact on weather conditions, as it affects

how much moisture is present in the air. Here are some of the effects of
humidity on weather conditions:

 Temperature:
High humidity can make the air feel warmer than it actually is, as the
moisture in the air can make it harder for sweat to evaporate from the skin,
which is the body's natural cooling mechanism. Conversely, low humidity
can make the air feel cooler than it actually is, as the lack of moisture allows
sweat to evaporate more easily.
EFFECTS OF HUMIDITY TO WEATHER CONDITIONS

 Precipitation:
Humidity plays a crucial role in the formation of clouds and
precipitation. When the air is humid, it can hold more moisture, which
increases the likelihood of clouds forming and rain or snow falling.
Conversely, when the air is dry, clouds are less likely to form, and
precipitation is less likely to occur.

 Visibility:
Humidity can also affect visibility, particularly in areas where there
is a lot of moisture in the air. High humidity can cause fog to form, which
can reduce visibility and make driving and other activities hazardous.
EFFECTS OF HUMIDITY TO WEATHER CONDITIONS

 Thunderstorms:
High humidity can also contribute to the formation of
thunderstorms, as the warm, moist air rising from the surface can create
unstable conditions in the atmosphere, leading to the development of
thunderstorms.

Overall, humidity is an important factor in determining weather conditions,

and it can have a significant impact on human comfort, plant growth, and
other environmental factors. Understanding the effects of humidity on
weather conditions is important for predicting and preparing for different
weather patterns.
RELEVANCE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND DEW
POINT IN NAVIGATION :
 Relative Humidity:
Relative humidity is a measure of how much moisture is present in
the air relative to the maximum amount it can hold at a given temperature.
High humidity can cause fog, reduce visibility, and create hazardous sailing
conditions. In addition, high humidity can affect the density of the air, which
can impact ship performance, such as maneuverability and speed. For
example, ships may require more power to maintain their speed in high
humidity conditions.
RELEVANCE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND DEW
POINT IN NAVIGATION :

 Dew Point:
Dew point is the temperature at which water vapor in the air
condenses into liquid water. It is an important measure for mariners because
it helps them determine the likelihood of cloud formation, precipitation, and
icing conditions. If the dew point temperature is close to or below freezing,
mariners may need to take precautions to prevent ice from forming on the
ship, which can affect its maneuverability and performance.