MAINTAINING AND

REPAIRING COMPUTER
SYSTEMS AND
NETWORKS (MRCN)
(RECTIFY/CORRECT DEFECTS IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND
NETWORKS)
RECTIFY/CORRECT DEFECTS IN
COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
 Preventive maintenance can be described as maintenance of equipment or systems
before fault occurs. It can be divided into two subgroups: Planned Maintenance
and Conditioned-Based Maintenance. Planned Maintenance (PM) is any variety
of scheduled maintenance to an object or item of equipment. Specifically, PM is a
scheduled service visit carried out by a competent and suitable agent, to ensure
that an item of equipment is operating correctly to avoid any unscheduled
breakdown and downtime of an equipment.
RECTIFY/CORRECT DEFECTS IN
COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
 Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) is a maintenance strategy that uses the
actual condition of the asset to decide what maintenance needs to be done. CBM
dictates that maintenance should only be performed when certain indicators show
decreasing performance or upcoming failure. Checking a machine for these
indicators may include non-invasive measurements, visual inspection,
performance data and scheduled tests. Condition data can be gathered at certain
intervals, or continuously.
RECTIFY/CORRECT DEFECTS IN
COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
 The purpose of systematic inspection, detection and correction of existing / future
problems is very important to maintain equipment / facilities in satisfactory
condition before it may cause major problem. Maintenance, including tests,
measurements, adjustments, and parts replacement, performed specifically to
prevent faults from occurring. Maintenance is divided into two (2) general type.
 Preventive maintenance is given for maintaining equipment and facilities in
satisfactory operating condition to extend the life of the equipment. Corrective
maintenance is task performed to identify, isolate, and rectify a fault so that the
failed equipment or system can be restored to an operational condition within the
tolerances or limits.
Maintenance Procedures

 In preparing maintenance procedure, you also must consider designing a

systematic plan for both for hardware and software. This saves time, money and
frustration and ensures safe conditions to prevent injury to people and damage to
computer equipment.
Planning Maintenance Procedures for
Computer System and Networking:
A. Design a systematic maintenance plan
for hardware.
 1. Design a monitoring, evaluating, and updating plan.
 2. Place your computer in a well-ventilated area.
 3. Schedule the use of computer for its longer life.
 4. Move the computer only when it is turned off and
unplugged.
 5. Treat your computer properly.
B. Design a systematic maintenance plan for
your software.
 1. Backup your files.
 2. Install or secure passwords.
 3. Delete temporary files.
 4. Update anti-virus and spyware
Planning Maintenance Procedures for Computer
System and Networking:
 Design a systematic monitoring, evaluating, and updating plan for
hardware. Computers have significantly changed the working
environment, simplifying, and speeding up many tasks across many
work areas. However, with these advances are some potential
problems and maintenance issues. These guidelines describe how
computer technicians, students and computer users can work
together to achieve a productive workplace environment. The
guidelines reflect current knowledge and best practice for the use of
computers so you can achieve maximum efficiency and safety in
your workplace.
Planning Maintenance Procedures for Computer
System and Networking:
 Place your computer in a well-ventilated area.
 ❖ This will allow proper circulation of air inside the computer unit. Schedule the
use of computer for its longer life.
 ❖ This will help lessen the attacks of viruses and increases the life span of your
computer. Move the computer only when it is turned off and unplugged.
 ❖ To avoid damage to the computer unit always turn off and unplug it when
transferring the computer to another location. Treat your computer properly.
 ❖ This means taking care of your computer. PCs and laptops should be properly
turned off.
Do systematic maintenance plan for your computer
software. Back-up your files

 ❖ Protecting your files means creating backups, storing your file backups on your
hard drive or any removable storage device regularly. Install or secure passwords.
 ❖ Installing passwords makes your files more secure. Delete temporary files.
 ❖ Deleting the temporary files on your computer will enhance its speed and will
create more disk space for your files. Update anti-virus and spy ware.
 ❖ Regularly update your anti-virus for your computer protection against viruses.
Preventing Computer Systems Failure
Computers,
 in general, are stable, and you can usually rely on
them to not fail you. However. If you develop
some basic habits, you can postpone serious
computer problems, if not avoiding them entirely.
Preventing Computer Systems Failure
Computers,
 1. Computer issues. Know that your computer is going to fail. You need to
treat your computer as if it were a doomed failure. Always assume that failure
is imminent. A fatal error results in data loss, damage to your computer
and/or its ability to function, hardware failure, or other serious issues.
 2. Dust issues. Preventing failure means making sure your computer is
physically clean in its operations. Make sure that there is not too much dust
inside, especially on the fans. Dust can reduce performance and cause
overheating.
 3. RAM issues. Know your computer's specifications and its limits. RAM
runs even the PC is running idly. It consumes RAM storages capacity making
you difficult to open a program if RAM storage had been consumed.
Preventing Computer Systems Failure
Computers,
 4. Malware issues. Make sure that your anti-virus software is updated
to be able to scan unnecessary files that enter your PC. Do not install
programs that you’re not familiar with or if do not fully trust.
 5. Hardware issues. When something is not working properly, either
diagnose the problem yourself and fix it, to prevent further damage
or contact a professional and have them look at it for you. Take
advantage of warranties on parts if they fail.
 6. Warning issues. If the same error message shows up every time
you log in, be sure to investigate it. Although unlikely, these errors
could be important.
Preventing Computer Systems Failure
Computers,
 7. Usage issues. Give your computer a break. Believe it or not, your computer
likes rest, too. Leaving it on all the time wears out hardware and puts
unnecessary wear and tear on the hardware. Giving your computer a break
also saves you money (electrical bills).
 8. Warranty issues. Always take advantage of warranties. Get a warranty to
protect your hardware, so it can be replaced in case of failure.
 9. Backup issues. Back-up everything. Run regular backup of your important
files to other disks, computers, or an online backup service.
 10. Error message issues. If your PC fails to function, diagnose the problem.
Write down the necessary info such as error messages or things don’t work
properly. If you know how to fix it, do it, to avoid further damage but if not
then seek for professional help.
 In recent years, software defects have become the
dominant cause of customer outage, and improvements in
software reliability and quality have not kept pace with
those of hardware. Yet, software defects are not well
enough understood to provide a clear methodology for
avoiding or recovering from them.
 Debugging is the group of activities that software developers perform to fix a
bug, so being a good debugger is a very important part of being a good developer.
Three reasons to consider debugging one of your main skills:
 • We spend a lot of time debugging.
 • There are always errors in your code
 • Debugging is sometimes the only way to check that some code is working fine.
 There are thousands of problems that your PC could have, from an endless list of
possible error messages to various hardware failures. Most of those problems
might have several possible causes as well. Most of these potential issues are rare.
The problems most computer users see are common errors and failures seen by
many, many others
There are some of the most common PC
problems:
 • Computer will not turn on
 • Blue screen of death (BSOD)
 • “404” / “page not found” error
 • “Hal.dll is missing” error
 Computers and computer components can fail at any time and for any reason. If the
defect can ultimately be traced back to the design, programming, or manufacturing
process, you might be entitled to recover compensation through a class-action
lawsuit. Many people think that hardware and software are one in the same. In fact,
hardware and software are very different. Hardware refers to the physical
components of the computing unit — tower, monitor, printer, keyboard, mouse, and
the physical pieces of equipment that comprise these components — while software
refers to the coding or built-in instructions that allow the hardware to run properly.
MAINTAINING AND
REPAIRING COMPUTER
SYSTEMS AND
NETWORKS (MRCN)
(INSPECT AND TEST THE COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS)
INSPECT AND TEST THE COMPUTER
SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
 System testing is a series of different tests whose sole
purpose is to exercise the full computer-based system.
System testing falls under the black box testing category
of software testing. White box testing is the testing of the
internal workings or code of a software application.
In contrast, black box or system testing is the opposite. System testing involves
the external workings of the software from the user’s perspective. System testing
involves testing the software code for following:

 • Testing the fully integrated applications including external peripherals to check

how components interact with one another and with the system. This is also called
End to End scenario testing. • Verify thorough testing of every input in the
application to check for desired outputs. • Testing of the user’s experience with
the application.
 That is a very basic description of what is involved in system testing. You need to
build detailed test cases and test suites that test each aspect of the application as
seen from the outside without looking at the actual source code.
Testing Procedure

 ➢ Deciding when to test the system. Identify computer symptoms and defects.
 ➢ Preparing to test the system. It’s recommended that you should not plug your
computer and monitor directly to a wall outlet. Rather you should purchase a UPS
(Uninterruptible Power Supply). The UPS serves as a surge protector to prevent
your system from being damaged if a power spike is delivered to it and when
power will fail unexpectedly. The UPS gives you time to save your work and
properly shutdown your computer system. If a system is turned off and back on
rapidly, it’s probably not good for the system. A very short power drop could
mimic this effect and could be hard on both the computer and the monitor. A UPS
prevent this.
Testing Procedure

 Powering Up the system for the first time. Examining the back of the PC case we
see that there is a switch with two positions, 0 and 1. Zero often means “Off” and
one often means “On” in the computer world. We turn the switch from 0 to 1 and
push the power button again.
 ➢ Adjusting BIOS settings. To enter BIOS setup, a key, such as “Delete” is
usually pressed when the system first starts up. Consult your main board manual
if you want to learn more about BIOS setup.
 ➢ Replacing the side of the case and bezel. Now that your system is tested and
we’ve visually seen that the CPU fan is spinning properly, we can shutdown the
system and replace the side of the case..
Computer Symptoms and Diagnosis

 No matter how well built your PC is, and how well written its software,
something is eventually going to go wrong. Many times, computers will get slow
for seemingly no reason at all.
 Devices often malfunction and system problems can arise out of nowhere. For
people who rely on their computer for business or personal use, these computer
errors can be frustrating and problematic. One of the most important aspects of
using a PC is taking care of it.
 Maintenance involves keeping your hard disk in optimum working condition,
checking for errors, and backing up important files. Maintenance tasks also
include adding new hardware to your system and updating the files that control
your hardware (called drivers).
❖ Common Error Messages

 As you work on your computer, there are error messages that come up. The
machine at times tries to tell you where the problem is. These messages are like
detective clues for the Help Desk.
 ❖ Common Problems
 l. My monitor is blacked out
 2. I don't have any sound.
 3. My machine is stuck and won’t do anything
❖ Checking of Peripherals

 Keyboards
 If our machine, when booting, gives off a constant beeping noise, it is telling that
your computer keyboard is not connected or not working. • If there is no
response, check the indicator light on the keyboard. • ls there a key stuck? Gently
pry off the cover and clean it with alcohol. Make sure it is not connected to your
machine when you are cleaning it.
 Mouse •
 If your mouse starts acting erratic, it could be an insufficient memory problem.
 • If your mouse will only move one way, either vertically or horizontally, your
mouse may need cleaning. Shut down your machine and unplug your mouse from
the computer. • Optical mouse need cleaning of its bottom every now and then
too.
❖ Checking of Peripherals

 Printer
 • Verify that the printer is working correctly by running a test print.
 • Unplug the printer cable from the back of the PC and try to print the printer
 • Reattach the printer and run another test print,
 • Turn off the printer and try to print to it.
 • What error messages appear? Turn the printer back on and run a test print
 • Turn off the printer and remove the ink or toner cartridge. Turn the printer back
on. Do any error messages appear? Try printing to the printer. Do any error
messages show up them?
 • Reinstall the ink or toner cartridge and run a test print. Remove all of the paper
from your printer and then try to print it. What error messages appear now?
❖ Checking of Peripherals

 A Dead PC
 • First check the cable
 • Check the wall outlet
 • Turn the system off and wait for a few seconds and then try again. • Reach
behind the machine and see if you feel air blowing out of the power supply.
 • Look at the keyboard for the indicator lights being lit up as the machine boots.
 • Sometimes the monitor has something to do with the system acting up. Unplug
the power cord from the monitor and the wall and re plug it.
 • Listen to identity a beeping series if there is one.
Occupational Health and Safety Policy

 In the school as a computer teacher you must be aware of how your students
behave when they are working in the computer laboratory, as well as
implementing a safe way of accomplishing every task. Safety practices should be
learned early find always adhered to when working with any electrical device,
including personal computers and peripherals. This is for the protection of not
only the people working with them, but also for the devices themselves. The basis
for this process begins with your Occupational Health and Safety Policies
Personal Safety While Working Along
with PC’s
 Computer equipment can be dangerous, and you or others can be injured or even
killed if you don't follow proper safety guidelines when working along PC's. The
following are some precautionary measures to take before working with any
computer equipment:
 • Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the chance of being
shocked or seriously injured in an electrical accident.
 • Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source.
 • Do not remove expansion cards from a computer when it is turned on.
 • Remove all jewelry when working inside any computer related equipment.
 • Be sure not to mix electronic components and water.
The 5S Principles
The 5S Principles
The 5S Principles
The 5S Principles
The 5S Principles
The 5S Principles
The 5S Principles
The 5S Principles
The 5S Principles
The 5S Principles
The 5S Principles
WEEE Directive (Waste Electrical and
Electronic Equipment Directive)

 The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive is

legislation that, in conjunction with RoHS, mandates targets for the
collection, recovery and recycling of electronics and component materials.
The WEEE Directive passed in the European Community (EC) in February
2003. One stipulation of the Directive is that manufacturers are
responsible for the disposal of their products and must deal with their
disposal in an environmentally responsible manner. The Directive also
says that the consumer of the goods should be able, at a minimum, to
return them, free of charge, to the manufacturer for disposal. Many
everyday consumer items contain electrical parts. Waste Electrical and
Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is electrical and electronic equipment that is
broken or unwanted. Any appliance that runs on electricity has the
potential to cause damage to the environment if it is not disposed of in a
responsible way.
Common items of electrical and
electronic waste are:
 • Large household appliances (refrigerators/freezers, washing machines,
dishwashers)
 • Small household appliances (toasters, coffee makers, irons, hairdryers)
1. • Information technology (IT) and telecommunications equipment (personal
computers, telephones, mobile phones, laptops, printers, scanners, photocopiers)
 • Consumer equipment (televisions, stereo equipment, electric toothbrushes)
 • Lighting equipment (fluorescent lamps)
 • Electrical and electronic tools (handheld drills, saws, screwdrivers)
 • Toys, leisure, and sports equipment
 • Medical equipment systems (except for all implanted and infected products)
 • Monitoring and control instruments
 • Automatic dispensers.
Install correct components or parts without
damage to the surrounding environment or
services

After completing this lesson, Learners should be able to:

 1. Identify the different installer / components use for
installing
 2.List down the procedure to rectify the computer
systems and networks
 3.Create a step by step in installing the correct
components of computer
 system.
LESSON

 Install correct components or parts without damage to computers is one

important things to know of ICT students for their future job. In one
mistake can damaged the peripherals that’s the very reason why we should
follow the procedures carefully. How to find the best storage, memory, and
processor to build the best computer possible.
 There has never been a better time to build your own PC, but where’s the
best place to start? Determining what you want to get out of your new
computer is the first step and it guides the rest of the process. When you
know what you want from your computer, you’ll know what you need from
your hardware, which is the source of your computer’s performance. Get
the most performance for less by investing in the right components from
the start. That’s when you can begin to build.
The Key Components you’ll need

Once you’ve decided what kind of PC you

want to install, you can begin to research
and purchase the hardware you need to fulfil
your plan. Here are the essential parts:
Motherboard

 A motherboard is the first

component you’ll want to
choose. The motherboard
dictates the physical form
factor and size of your PC
build, but it also determines
what other pieces of
hardware the computer can
use.
Processor/Central
Processing Unit
(CPU)
 The CPU is the engine of
your computer and sets the
performance expectations for
the entire build. Memory and
storage fuel the processor,
which controls every data
transaction within the PC.
When you’re determining
which CPU to install, pay
attention to the gigahertz
(GHz) – the higher the GHz,
the faster the processor.
Memory

 Adding memory (RAM) is one of

the fastest, easiest, and most
affordable ways to amplify the
performance of the computer
you’re building because it gives
your system more available
space to temporarily store data
that’s being used.
Storage

 Your files and data are saved

long-term on your storage
drive. This data is held on
either a hard disk drive
(HDD) or solid state drive
(SSD). Although hard drives
generally give you more
storage space (in GB), SSDs
have essentially made them
outdated – SSDs are on
average 6x faster1 and 90x
more energy-efficient2 than
hard drives.
 Case, fans, and
power supply

 Depending on the kind of PC

you’re building, you’ll also
need to adjust what you’re
looking for with a case and
power supply. If you’re
creating a high-powered
performance workhorse,
you’ll need a robust power
supply to make it all run,
and a case with optimal
internal airflow and fans to
expel hot air that could
potentially damage the
system.