202203

INTERNSHIP REPORT
23

priya Jarsaniya
MAHALAXMI
TRANSFORMERS
7/27/2023
I
 A Summer Internship In

MAHALAXMI TRANSFORMERS
(Transformer Rewinding)

Submitted in partial fulfillment of

The requirements for the degree
of

Bachelor of Electrical
Engineering

Submitted by

Priya Jarsaniya.
Enr no. 211020109524
(7th Sem)

Internal Guide Under the guidance of External Guide

Prof B.G.Radadiya Mansukhbhai Dhameliya
Department of Electrical Mahalaxmi
Company Owner

Submitted to

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

I
 OM ENGINEERING COLLEGE – JUNAGADH
Gujarat Technological University - Ahmedabad
(2023-24)

CERTIFICATE
Date: - / /

This is to certify that the Summer Internship entitled our

company MAHALAXMI TRANSFORMERS(Transformer
Rewinding) has been carried out by PRIYA JARSANIYA
(Enr No. 211020109524) under my guidance in fulfillment of the
degree of Bachelor of Engineering in ELECTRICAL
Engineering Department (7th Semester) of Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmedabad during the academic year 2022-23.

Internal Guid External Guide

Prof B.G. Mr Mansukhbhai Dhameliya
Radadiya Sign: Sign:

External Examiner Head Of The

Department
(GTU)
DR.M.M.Baraiya
Sign:
Sign:
Institute Seal

II
COMPANY CERTIFICATE

III
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are thankful to Head of the Departments DR M.M.Baraiya and our

faculties who give us a great guidance regarding training and instruct us
the importance of training in electrical field. So we decided to take
Training in electrical field. So we decided to take Training in Transformer
& Repairing.

We are especially thankful to respected owner of this unit because they

granted us permission for taking visit and assistant engineers of this unit
(Mr. Mansukhbhai Dhameliya) who gave the proper guidance to us and
gave practical based approach learning to us.

Prepared By

Priya Jarsaniya (211020109524)

I
IV
 ABSTRACT

We learnt and got the practical knowledge about distribution Transformer. We

learn different outer and inner part of transformer like core, winding, relay and
different type of transformer testing. We got the idea how to find out
transformer’s fault and how to resolve it. And also observed that how to change
transformer oil and winding. Then we learnt the importance of core design of
transformer and how core design is important to improve transformer efficiency.
We also observe and learn how to purify the transformer oil with the use of
oil filter. Then observed that winding place din core then core is put in
industrial oven in 2 to 3 days (85` to 90` C).

II
V
 INDEX

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………..I
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………..II
TABLE OF CONTENT………………………………………………III
chapter 1 / GENERAL INFORMATION................................................................1
chapter 2 / TYPE OF TRANSFORMER.............................................. ..................2
chapter 3/ WORKING PRINCIPAE........................................................................3
CONSTRUCTION OF TRANSFORMER..............................................
3 chapter 4/ PART OF TRANSFORMER..................................................................4
 Outer parts of Transformer
 Inner parts of transformers
Chapter 5 / TEAT IN TRANSFORMER.................................................................9
 Open Circuit Test
 Short Circuit Test
Chapter6/ CORE OVENING……...........................................................................11
Chapter7/ CONCLUSION……...............................................................................13

III
VI
 CHAPTER 1

GENERAL INFORMATION

The Universal Transformer Maintenance and repairing is the unit of repair

the PGVCL faulty transformer and test after repair the transformer.

Generally the transformer working on demand load, but the transformer

design on maximum load. When the Connected load is over the maximum
load that time possibility of burned out of transformer winding is high.

The Unit is replace the burned winding and other burned-out part of
transformer and fill up the transformer fresh oil.

After repair the transformer they perform below tests

1. Open Circuit Test
2. Short Circuit Test

VII
1
 CHAPTER 2

TYPE OF TRANSFORMER

(1) Core Type Transformer

In core-type transformer, the windings are given to a considerable part of

the core. The coils used for this transformer are form-wound and are
of cylindrical type. Such a type of transformer can be applicable for small
sized and large sized transformers. In the small sized type, the core
will be rectangular in shape and the coils used are cylindrical.

In the case of circular cylindrical coils, they have a fair advantage of having
good mechanical strength. The cylindrical coils will have different layers
and each layer will be insulated from the other with the help of materials
like paper, cloth, mica board and so on.

(2) Shell Type Transformer

In shell-type transformers the core surrounds a considerable portion of the

windings. The coils are form-wound but are multi layer disc type usually
wound in the form of pancakes. Paper is used to insulate the different layers
of the multi-layer

VII
2
 CHAPTER 3

WORKING PRINCIPLE
The basic principle behind working of a transformer is the phenomenon of
mutual induction between two windings linked by common magnetic flux.
Basically a transformer consists of two inductive coils; primary winding
and secondary winding. The coils are electrically separated but
magnetically linked to each other.

The core provides magnetic path for the flux, to get linked with the
secondary winding. As the flux produced is alternating (the
direction of it is continuously changing), EMF gets induced in the
secondary winding according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic
induction.

CONSTRUCTION OF TRANSFORMER

Basically a transformer consists of two inductive windings and a laminated

steel core. The coils are insulated from each other as well as from the steel
core. A transformer may also consist of a container for winding and core
assembly suitable bushings to take our the terminals, oil conservator to
provide oil in the transformer tank for cooling purposes.

39
 CHAPTER 4

PARTS OF TRANSFORMER

 Outer Parts Of Transformer

(1) Yoke

It is use to protect the transformer inner part to bad environment condition.

The parts of the core

joining the three limbs
are known as the yokes.
In the three-limb
arrangement the yokes
have the same cross-
sectional area as the
limbs. With two extra unwound limbs the top and bottom yokes can be
reduced to half the cross-section of the three wound limbs.

(2) Buchholz Relay

It is a very sensitive gas and oil operated instrument which safely detect the
formation of gas or sudden pressure inside the oil transformer. It is a
electrical and mechanical both type operated device. Electrical type relay is
vary accurate as compare to mechanical type relay.

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14
0
(3) Conservator Tank

This is a cylindrical tank mounted

on supporting structure on the
roof of the transformer's main
tank. When transformer is
loaded, the temperature of oil
increases and consequently the
volume of oil in the transformer
gets increased.
Again, when ambient temperature
is increased, the volume of oil is also increased. The conservator tank of a
transformer provides adequate space for expansion of oil. Conservator tank
of transformer also acts as a reservoir of oil.

(4) Silica Gel Brether

When the temperature changes occur in

transformer insulating oil, the oil expands or
contracts and there an exchange of air also occurs
when transformer is fully loaded. When
transformer gets cooled, the oil level goes down
and air gets absorbed within. This process is
called breathing and the apparatus that pass
through the air is called breather Actually, silica
gel breather controls the level of moisture,
entering electrical
equipment during the change in volume of the cooling medium and
airspace caused by temperature increasing. So it sucks the moisture from the
air which is taken by transformer so that dry air is taken by transformer.

(5) Oil Level Indicator

It is used to show the oil level in the transformer.

this is a ordinary part situated on the side of
the conservator for proper oil checking oil tank
wants a specific amount of oil.

The oil level indicator displays if air bubbles have

remained in the transformer, if gas has been
generated 11
because of an internal failure or 5if there is a leakage
at the transformer tank.
(6) Transformer Bushing

the term bushing is used to represent a hollow

electrical insulator that helps us to safely pass an
electrical conductor through a conducting barrier
like a transformer case, or circuit breaker case
without making any electrical connection with A
it. typical bushing is made up of porcelain. But,
in practice, several other insulating materials
like polymer, ceramic, glass, etc. may also be
used for the same purpose.

(7) Radiator

These are used for the purpose for the cooling of the transformer oil. The
capacity of the transformer is dependent to its temperature that is why it is
imperative for it to have a cooling mechanism for better performance and
higher efficiency.

(8) Winding Temperature Indicator

This device measures the LV and HV winding temperature and is also used
to protect the transformer.

(9) System Ground Terminal

system ground terminals in a power transformer are usually present

whenever the connection type of the transformer windings has in it. This
terminal can be found in-line with the main terminals of the transformer.

(10) Drain Valve

Can be usually found in the bottom part of the transformer tank.

Drainvalves are used whenever oil replacement is necessary. Through
this valve, the replacement of oil in an oil-filled transformer can be easily
done simply by opening this valve like that of a faucet.

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12
 Inner Parts Of Transformer

(1) Core

Core is used to support the windings

in the transformer. It also provides a
low reluctance path to the flow of
magnetic flux. It is made up of
laminated soft iron core in order to
reduce eddy current loss and
Hysteresis loss. The composition of a
transformer core depends on such
factors as voltage, current, and
frequency. Diameter of the
transformer core is directly
proportional to copper loss and is inversely proportion to the iron loss. If
diameter of the core is decreased, the weight of the steel in the core is
reduced which leads to less core loss of transformer and the copper loss
increase. The vice versa happen when the diameter is increased.

Generally the core is made by many single strip (Width 0.5 to 0.6-mm)
Because the eddy current loss. stripe is made up of aluminum and silicon
composite material.

(2) Primary Winding (HV Winding)

Generally in primary winding has low

current and high voltage winding.
Primary Windings (HV Winding) are
made up of copper coil. The number of
turns in it is the multiple of the number
of turns in the low voltage windings. It
has copper coils thinner than that of the
low voltage windings.

The primary winding is analogous to the

input shaft and the secondary winding to the output shaft. primary winding
is the winding of a transformer that is connected to and receives energy
from an external source of electrons. Primary Winding is placed on
secondary winding because of insulation purpose.

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13
(3) Secondary Winding (LV Winding)

A secondary winding is the

winding of a transformer that
receives its energy by
electromagnetic induction
from the primary winding.
The secondary winding
is facilitated with larger-
gauge wire because of the
increase in current, whereas
the primary winding is made
up of smaller- gauge wire due
to less current conduction.
The electromotive force in
the secondary winding, if
connected to an
electrical circuit, will cause
current to flow in the
secondary circuit.

Generally the secondary winding has high current and low voltage winding.
Low voltage winding has lesser number of turns than that of the high
voltage windings. It is made up of the thick copper conductors. This is
because the current in the low voltage windings is higher than that of
high voltage windings. The secondary winding are placed between core
and primary winding.

(4) Transformer Oil

Transformer oil is used in oil-filled electrical

power transformers to insulate, stop arcing
and coronaas discharge,
insulation and to
well as cooling fordissipate the
the core and
heat of the transformer.
coil assembly. Core and Transformer
winding of the oil
preforms
transformer two
must important
be completelyfunction
immersed of
in the oil. Normally hydrocarbon mineral
oil and used as transformer. Transformer oil

Transformer oil is also used to preserve the transformer’s core and

windings as these are fully immersed inside the oil. Another important
property of the insulating oil is its ability to prevent oxidation of the
cellulose-made paper insulation.

8
13
 CHAPTER 5

TEST IN TRANSFORMER

 Open Circuit Test

Open circuit test or no load test on a

transformer is performed to
determine 'no load loss and 'no load
current I0'. The circuit diagram for
open circuit test is shown in the
figure.

Usually high voltage (HV) winding is

kept open and the low voltage (LV) winding is connected to its normal
supply. A wattmeter (W), ammeter (A) and voltmeter (V) are connected to
the LV winding as shown in the figure. Now, applied voltage is slowly
increased from zero to normal rated value of the LV side with the help of a
varia. When the applied voltage reaches to the rated value of the LV
winding, readings from all the three instruments are taken.

 Short Circuit Test

The connection diagram for short

circuit test or impedance test on
transformer is as shown in the figure
below. The LV side of transformer is
short circuited and wattmeter,
voltmeter and ammeter are connected
on the HV side of the transformer.
Voltage is applied to the HV side and increased from the zero until the
ammeter reading equals the rated current. All the readings are taken at this
rated current.

The ammeter reading gives primary equivalent of full load current.

The voltage applied for full load current is very small as compared to rated
voltage. Hence, core loss due to small applied voltage can be neglected.
Thus, the wattmeter reading can be taken as copper loss in the transformer.

19
5
(TEST MACHINE)

(H V Winding

1610
 CHAPTER 6

CORE OVENING
Core oven section is the most important part of repairing transformer. This
is used to remove the moisture from the core and windings of the
transformer. In this the core is placed inside the oven at 40-60C temp in
Summer season and 100-120C in Winter season.

1711
SOME OF GLIMS

18
12
 CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

We learnt and got the practical knowledge about distribution

Transformer. We learn different outer and inner part of transformer like
core, winding, relay and different type of transformer testing. We got the
idea how to find out transformer’s fault and how to resolve it. And also
observed that how to change transformer oil and winding. Then we learnt
the importance of core design of transformer and how core design is
important to improve transformer efficiency. We also observe and
learn how to purify the transformer oil with the use of oil filter. Then
observed that winding place din core then core is put in industrial oven in 2
to 3 days (85` to 90` C).

13
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 14
20