APPROACHES TO

LANGUAGE
TEACHING
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TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE

TPR (Total Physical Response), developed by Dr. James J. Asher,
emphasizes comprehension prior to speaking, mirroring first language
acquisition.

Instructors introduce vocabulary and instructions through physical actions,

with students responding in kind.

This method fosters passive acquisition of vocabulary and grammatical

structures.
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TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE

• TPR rests on three core principles:
⚬ Aural comprehension and physical response: Language internalization is
optimized by listening and responding physically.
⚬ Right brain engagement: Physical movement activates the right brain,
promoting comprehension before production through its role in processing
movement, imagery, and problem-solving.
⚬ Stress-free and engaging learning: Movement reduces desk-bound learning
and creates a playful environment for language exploration.
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SUGGESTOPEDIA AND
DESUGGESTOPEDIA
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SUGGESTOPEDIA
Suggestopedia is a language learning method developed
in the 1970s by Georgi Lozanov, a Bulgarian
psychotherapist. It focuses on creating a relaxed and
positive learning environment to enhance language
acquisition.
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SUGGESTOPEDIA
• Comfortable Atmosphere: The classroom is designed to be
stress-free and enjoyable, with comfortable seating, pleasant
music, and positive reinforcement.

• Positive Suggestion: Originally, suggestopedia emphasized

positive suggestions to boost student confidence and
receptiveness to the language. This aspect has lessened over
time.
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SUGGESTOPEDIA
• Focus on Comprehension: Suggestopedia prioritizes
understanding over immediate speaking. Teachers introduce
new language through dialogues and readings, with students
following along in both the target language and their native
language.
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SUGGESTOPEDIA
• Multiple Learning Styles: The method incorporates various
activities like games, role-playing, and even some physical
movement to cater to different learning styles.
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DESUGGESTOPEDIA
• Desuggestopedia: This language learning method
emphasizes removing negative beliefs students may hold
about their ability to learn.

• Affective-Humanistic Approach: Desuggestopedia falls

under the affective-humanistic approach, which prioritizes
student emotions and fosters a respectful and positive
learning environment.
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DESUGGESTOPEDIA
• Desuggestion Techniques: Specific teaching strategies are
employed to help students overcome perceived limitations
in language acquisition.

• Empowerment Focus: The ultimate goal is to empower

students by fostering a belief in their own capacity to learn a
new language.
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• AFun and Relaxed Learning: The ideal
learning environment is stress-free,
enjoyable, and promotes a sense of joy.

• Subconscious Learning: Students can

Five principles that
absorb information from their
govern
surroundings even if they're not actively
Desuggestopedia: paying attention.
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• AUnlocking Potential: Suggestion
techniques aim to tap into a learner's
underutilized mental capacity for
language acquisition.
Five principles that
• Removing Barriers: Teachers should
govern
identify and address negative beliefs
Desuggestopedia:
students may have about learning a new
language.
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• AEffortless Acquisition: In a relaxed and
confident state, language learning
becomes effortless and natural.

Five principles that

govern
Desuggestopedia:
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DESUGGESTOPEDIA'S SEVEN AKEY CONCEPTS BY LOZANOV
AND GATAVE (1988)
• Tapping Unused Potential (Mental Reserve Capacities):
Desuggestopedia builds on the idea that we only use a
fraction of our brain's potential for learning. By addressing
limitations and anxieties (desuggestion), this method aims
to help students unlock this reserve and improve their
language acquisition abilities.
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DESUGGESTOPEDIA'S SEVEN AKEY CONCEPTS BY LOZANOV
AND GATAVE (1988)
• Addressing Underlying Beliefs (Psychological Set-Up):
Unconscious responses and negative beliefs can act as
roadblocks to learning. Desuggestopedia acknowledges this
by encouraging teachers to identify and address these
underlying psychological factors. By creating a safe and
supportive environment, students can shed inhibitions and
become more receptive to learning.
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DESUGGESTOPEDIA'S SEVEN AKEY CONCEPTS BY LOZANOV
AND GATAVE (1988)
• The Power of Suggestion (Suggestion): Desuggestopedia
utilizes suggestion to influence the learning process. Direct
suggestions, like telling students they'll be successful, can
be helpful but are limited in effectiveness. Indirect
suggestions, which target the subconscious mind through
techniques like positive classroom design and peripheral
learning, are considered more powerful.
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DESUGGESTOPEDIA'S SEVEN AKEY CONCEPTS BY LOZANOV
AND GATAVE (1988)
• Creating a Supportive Learning Environment (Successful Classroom
Atmosphere): Desuggestopedia emphasizes the importance of a
positive and well-rounded classroom environment.
⚬ Psychologically Safe: A nurturing and supportive atmosphere where students feel
comfortable experimenting, making mistakes, and enjoying the learning journey.
⚬ Educationally Structured: Material is presented in a clear and organized manner,
providing a roadmap for learning. Every moment, even seemingly casual interactions,
can be a learning experience.
⚬ Aesthetically Appealing: The classroom should be visually stimulating but not
cluttered. High-quality pictures or visuals can be rotated to maintain interest and subtly
reinforce learning.
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DESUGGESTOPEDIA'S SEVEN AKEY CONCEPTS BY LOZANOV
AND GATAVE (1988)
• Learning Through Our Surroundings (Peripheral
Learning): Desuggestopedia builds on the concept that
we absorb information from our environment even if
we're not actively focusing on it.
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DESUGGESTOPEDIA'S SEVEN AKEY CONCEPTS BY LOZANOV
AND GATAVE (1988)
• Overcoming Negative Filters (Anti-Suggestive
Barriers): Negative beliefs, anxieties, and past
experiences can create mental barriers that hinder the
effectiveness of suggestion. Desuggestopedia
acknowledges these "anti-suggestive barriers" and
emphasizes the importance of addressing them.
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DESUGGESTOPEDIA'S SEVEN AKEY CONCEPTS BY LOZANOV
AND GATAVE (1988)
• The Power of Music (Music): Desuggestopedia recognizes the
power of music to create a relaxed and receptive state of mind,
which is considered ideal for language learning. Music can be
used as background accompaniment during lessons or activities
to promote a sense of calm and focus. Lozanov's research
suggests that music can stimulate alertness while also
promoting feelings of ease and relaxation, creating an optimal
learning environment.
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Some people are worth letting go,

while others are worth holding on to.
I hope you find the wisdom to choose what’s best
for your heart.