MARIO LAWRENCE

C. DINGAL
W
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LITERARY
CRITICISM
 LET US EMPLOY
LITERARY CRITICISM
ON THE STORY OF
CINDERELLA
CINDERELLA: A SUMMARY
Long ago, in a faraway kingdom, Cinderella is living
happily with her mother and father until her mother dies.
Cinderella's father remarries a cold, cruel woman who has two
daughters.
When the father dies, Cinderella's wicked stepmother
turns her into a servant in her own house. Meanwhile,
across town in the castle, the King determines that his son,
the Prince, should find a suitable bride and provide him
with a required number of grandchildren.
 CINDERELLA: A SUMMARY
So, the King invites every eligible maiden in
the kingdom to a fancy dress ball, where his son
willCinderella
be able to choose his bride.
has no suitable party dress for a ball, but her
friends (the mice and the birds) lend a hand in making her one,
a dress the evil stepsisters immediately tear apart on the
evening of the ball. At this point, the Fairy Godmother, the
pumpkin carriage, the royal ball, the stroke of midnight, & the
glass slipper enter and the rest, as they say, is fairy tale history.
NEW CRITICISM
NEW CRITICISM DEFINED
All information essential to the interpretation of a work
must be found within the work itself; setting, characters,
symbols, and point of view; it is the interaction between
form and meaning of the text.
Likewise, utilizing this approach in
understanding the text means that there is NO
need to bring in outside information about the
history, politics, or society of the time, or about
the author's life.
NEW CRITICISM ON
CINDERELLA
Compare the speech patterns of Cinderella
and the stepmother and stepsisters. Are there
noticeable differences in cadence?
 Do any use more (or less) figurative or
poetic language than the others? Do any speak
noticeably more (or less) than the others?
NEW CRITICISM ON
CINDERELLA
While running down the staircases, one of
Cinderella’s shoes falls off. Is this a
symbolism for something?
UNDERSTANDING JOSE
GARCIA VILLA’S
Olive Joy G. Abing
Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research
FOOTNOTE TO YOUTH
OBJECTIVE

To examine the short story, Footnote to youth using

various literary approaches; Biographical Criticism,
Reader-Response Criticism, New Criticism,
Archetypal Criticism, and Feminist Criticism theories.
METHODOLOGY

Qualitative Research – Content Analysis

Triangulation
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
NEW CRITICISM OR FORMALISM

Anton Chekov – Style of writing

Simplistic usage of words
Description of setting is pacified
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
NEW CRITICISM OR FORMALISM
Symbolisms – recurring themes of youth, love, and
lifeYouth – Immaturity, vigor, aggression,
freedom, and recklessness.
Love – most powerful motivation for growth or mo
destructive force in life.
Life – is considered as what comes after Youth a
Love.
“Youth must triumph… now.
Love must triumph… now.
Afterwards… it will be life.”
 HISTORICAL-
BIOGRAPHICAL
CRITICISM
HISTORICAL-BIOGRAPHICAL
CRITICISM DEFINED
Its focus is on the life, times, and
environment of the author.
The life of the author, the historical events and the
values of his age help us understand the work, and in
a similar way the literary work gives information of
the author and his own period.
ADVANTAGE OF USING
HISTORICAL-BIOGRAPHICAL
CRITICISM
It helps people understand certain social, cultural, and even
linguistic changes that are hard to be understood today.
CHALLENGES IN USING
HISTORICAL-BIOGRAPHICAL
CRITICISM
The art is reduced to the level of biography
rather than universal.
It requires research and prior knowledge
about the topic at hand.
HISTORICAL APPROACH

Post-Colonial
Cultural Studies

New Historicism
NEW HISTORICISM
POST-COLONIAL
CULTURAL
STUDIES
QUESTIONS TO BE ASKED:
How does the work reflect the time in which it was
written?
What influences – people, ideas, movements,
events – evident in the writer’s life does the work
reflect?
What literary or historical influences helped
shape the form and content of the work?
UNDERSTANDING JOSE
GARCIA VILLA’S
Olive Joy G. Abing
Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research
FOOTNOTE TO YOUTH
OBJECTIVE

To examine the short story, Footnote to Youth using

various literary approaches; Biographical Criticism,
Reader-Response Criticism, New Criticism,
Archetypal Criticism, and Feminist Criticism theories.
METHODOLOGY

Qualitative Research – Content Analysis

Triangulation
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
HISTORICAL-BIOGRAPHICAL CRITICISM
Footnote to Youth reveals his perception and emotions on
how an ideal father-and-son relationship is supposed to be.
Dodong and Blas
Jose Garcia Villa and Don Simeon Villa
"Dodong thought to himself
he would tell his father about
Teang... What he had to say
was of serious importance as
it would mark a climacteric
in his life."
"I was angry at my father for
not supporting me in
America, and, therefore, I
refused to honor him by
using his surname, so I chose
the pseudonym - Doveglion -
which I created myself."
SOCIOLOGICAL
CRITICISM
SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM
DEFINED
 It focuses on the relationship between literature
and society, the social function of literature.
Literature is always produced in a social context.
Writers may affirm or criticize the values of the
society in which they live, but they write for an
audience and that audience is society.
SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM
DEFINED
The critic might be asking, “What can
the society that the author lived in tell me
about his/her work?” or the critic might
instead be asking, “What does this text
mean to our society?”
SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM
DEFINED
What aspects of society might the critic examine?
S/he might look at the culture of the society,
including standards of behavior, etiquette, the
relations between opposing groups (e.g., parents and
children, the rich and the poor, men and women,
religious beliefs, taboos, and moral values.)
TO DISCOVER WHAT A TEXT
CAN TELL US ABOUT THE
SOCIETY IN WHICH IT WAS
WRITTEN, ASK:
How are women supposed to behave in this society?
How are men supposed to behave? How do men and
women relate?
What is valued in this society? (love,
money, power, order, honesty, etc.)
How does money affect individuals’ lives
in this society?
How is wealth distributed in this society?
TO DISCOVER WHAT A TEXT
CAN TELL US ABOUT OUR
SOCIETY, ASK:
What aspects of this society would most readers
find unacceptable? What ideas have changed?

What aspects of this society would be admirable

to most readers? What has changed?
TO DISCOVER WHETHER THE AUTHOR
IS AFFIRMING OR CRITICIZING
HIS/HER OWN SOCIETY, ASK:

What values, virtues, character traits, and

actions does the author either a.) not question
or b.) seem to hold up for admiration?
What values, virtues, character traits, and actions
does the author seem to hold up for criticism?
JANE AUSTEN
1775-1817

Jane Austen was born in the Hampshire

village of Steventon, where her father, the
Reverend George Austen, was rector. She was
the second daughter and seventh child in a
family of eight—six boys and two girls. Her
closest companion throughout her life was her
elder sister, Cassandra; neither Jane nor
Cassandra married.
MARRIAGE AS A VEHICLE
FOR SOCIAL MOBILITY IN Shiela Dura and Monique Musni-Tagaytay

JANE AUSTEN’S PRIDE

International Journal of Liberal Arts,
Education, Social Sciences, and
Philosophical Studies
AND PREJUDICE
INTRODUCTION

Marriage as a Strategic Contract.

Men – Marriage and Financial Holdings.
Women – Marriage and
Fortune.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE

To examine the interplay between

marriage, birth circumstances and money as
motivations for choosing a lifetime partner.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

To know factors that were considered in

the choice of marriage partners.

To examine the themes of class conflict

that can be seen in the novel.
METHODS

First Reading - Highlighting of phrases or sentences.

Second Reading - Rereading for the confirmation of
notes.
Third Reading - Reading of some related studies,
essays, and journals.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Choice of Marriage Partners in the Context of
18th Century England
The importance of money in choosing a lifetime
partner.
‘Oh! single, my dear, to be sure! A
single man of large fortune; four or
five thousand a year. What a fine thing
for our girls!’ (C1,P2)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Choice of Marriage Partners in the Context of
18th Century England
Social stability as a factor in choosing a partner.
“The business of her life was to get
her daughters married; its solace
was visiting and news”. (C1, P3)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Choice of Marriage Partners in the Context of
18th Century England
Manner and breeding as factors in choosing a partner.
“He is just what a young man ought to be,” said she
[Jane], “sensible, good-humored, lively; and I never saw
such happy manners!–so much ease, with such perfect
good breeding!”. “He is also handsome,” replied
Elizabeth, “which a young man ought likewise to be, if he
possibly can. His character is thereby complete.” (C4,
P12)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Themes of Class Conflict in Jane Austen’s Pride
& Prejudice
Marriage to a person of inferior wealth is
frowned upon by society.
Social class determines favorable partners as
opposed to other consideration.