ARRANGING AND

GROUPING OF TEST
DATA
 Range
The range of a dataset is a
measure of the spread or dispersion
of the data points. It is calculated as
the difference between the
maximum and minimum values in
the dataset.
Example:

{10, 15, 20, 25, 30}

the range would be 30

(maximum) - 10 (minimum) =
20.
 DISTRIBUTION
It refers to how the data
points are spread or arranged
across different values or
intervals.
1. NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Characterized by a symmetrical bell
curve.
1. SKEWED DISTRIBUTION
Data points are not evenly distributed.
1. UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION
Data points are evenly distributed
across a range.
 mean
The mean calculated by
summing all the values in the
dataset and dividing by the
total number of values.
{10, 15, 20, 25, 30}

the mean would be (10 + 15 +

20 + 25 + 30) / 5 = 20.
 MEDIAN
It is the middle value in a
dataset when the values are
arranged in ascending order.
{10, 15, 20, 25, 30}
the median would be 20
{10, 15, 20, 25, 25, 30}
the median would be 22.5
 Mode

is the value that appears

most frequently in a dataset.
{10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 30}

the mode would be 30

MEASURES OF DISPERSION

{10, 12, 14, 16, 18}

MEAN
= {10+12+14+16+18} / 5
= 70 / 5
= 14
RANGE

= Maximum Value –
Minimum Value
= 18 – 10
=8
VARIANCE
Step 1: Calculate the mean of the
data set
Mean: 14
 Step 2: Find the square
differences from the mean.
= [(10-14)², (12-14)², (14-14)², (16-
14)², (18-14)²
= [(-4)², (-2)², (0)², (2)², (4)²
= [16, 4, 0, 4, 16]
 Step 3: Find the average of
the square differences from
the mean.
= 16 + 4 + 0 + 4 +16
= 40 / 5
=8
STANDARD DEVIATION
is the square root of the
variance.
²
INTERQUARTILE RANGE (IQR)
Step 1: Arrange the data set in
order
{10, 12, 14, 16, 18}
 Step 2: Find the first
quartile or Q1.
• Q1 is the median of the lower
half
• Lower half is (10, 12)
Q1 = 10 + 12 = 22
= 22 / 2
= 11
 Step 3: Find the third
quartile or Q3.
• Q3 is the median of the upper
half
• Upper half is (14, 16, 18)
Q3 = 14 + 16 + 18= 48
= 48 / 3
= 16
Step 4: Calculate the IQR.
= Q3 – Q1
= 16 – 11
=5
 Arranging Test Data isn’t just
about tidiness; its about
unlocking insights and patterns
that drive informed decisions.