Bi-Directional Load Testing

Present by:

Bi Directional Test Consult Sdn. Bhd. (963139-M)

No. 22, Jalan TP3/2,

Taman Perindustrian Sime UEP,
47600 Subang Jaya,
Selangor, Malaysia

Tel/Fax : +603 8011 4657

Email : bdtcsb@yahoo.com
Web : www.bdtcsb.com

1
Presentation Outline

 Part 1 – Field Installation

 Part 2 – Field Testing
 Part 3 – Post-test Grouting
 Part 4 – Results & Reporting

2
Part 1 - Field Installation

3
4
Uses of thick steel Plate in MLT

5
steel plate

Bi-directional
hydraulic jacks

6
Uses of Steel Plate is essential.

7
8
9
10
2.7m

11
1. Shaded area represents steel plate contact with concrete inside pile.

12
Alternate proposal for jack without steel plate

1. Shaded area represents jack contact with concrete inside pile.

2. Shear force is introduced and shearing will occur inside pile.
3. Pile structural integrity is compromised with the choice of such testing system.
13
3.0m

14
15
Rebar funnel for tremie pipe access

16
vibrating wire
strain gauge

17
18
19
20
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23
24
25
1. Bored hole must be stable and avoid
collapse.
2. Continuous casting will moved away any
loose particles beneath the jack as concrete
density is much higher than loose particles.
3. Concrete slump should be on the high side
(=/> 175mm).

26
Part 2 - Field Testing

27
 Reference
Displacement
frame
transducer

Support
Logger
Pneumatic
PC pump

1. Pile Top

Pressure sensor

Strain gauges

Telltale rod
Hydraulic lines
extensometer

2. Jack Top
Hydraulic jack
assembly
3. Jack Bottom

4. Pile Toe
On site testing (small footprint)

29
30
31
Air driven pump
(water is used as jacking medium)

Pressure sensor

32
 Automated monitoring of results, displacement and load..
 Displacement reading interval is every one-minute.
 Strain gauge logging is every two-minute.

Logger

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Part 3 – Post-test Grouting

…
34
 - Jack expansion is same magnitude as pile expansion,
therefore the voids in both area are same.
- There need to be both inlet and outlet at jacks to expel air
or water to enable the jack to be grouted as water or air is
not compressible.
- Same arrangement goes to the pile’s gap. Without steel
plate, grouting pipes arrangement is impossible to be
carried out.

Voids in jacks
Void in pile
36
37
Grouting for jack – Grouting for pile –
two hoses per jack two grout pile per set
- Working pile loading condition in future (structural dead
load and live load) can now be safely transferred to the
lower pile segment (and to end bearing).
 BDLT at Jalan Segambut (Pile BP005 - ø900mm) Uni-directional Load (tonne)
Load vs. Displacement Curves
Tested on 13/06/2017
0 69 139 208 278 347 416 486 555
-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0 -3.2 -5.2

0.0
-2.4
5.0

10.0
Displacement (mm)

9.3
15.0

20.0

25.0
25.5 27.3
30.0

35.0

40.0
Permanent gap
= 28.7mm
45.0

50.0
Pile Top Jack Top Jack Bottom Pile Bottom

40
Pile gap = 28.7mm
Pile size = ø900mm

41
 BDLT at MSPR4 (Pile PTP - ø1200mm) Uni-directional Load (tonne)
Load vs. Displacement Curves
Tested on 16/12/2014

0 57 113 170 226 283 339 396 452 509 565 622 678 735 791 848 904 961 1,017 1,074 1,130 1,187 1,243 1,300 1,356 1,413 1,469 1,526 1,582 1,639 1,695 1,752 1,808 1,865 1,921 1,978
-10.0

-1.0 -2.6 -4.0

-5.0 -2.6
0.0

4.5
5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0
24.2
Displacement (mm)

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0
43.5
47.9
50.0

Permanent gap
55.0 = 46.1mm

60.0

Pile Head Jack Top Jack Bottom Pile Bottom

42
Pile gap = 46.1mm
Pile size = ø1200mm

43
 BDLT at Melaka (Pile P180 - ø1800mm)
Load vs. Displacement Curves
Tested on 03/05/2014 Uni-directional Load (tonne)

0 268 536 804 1,073 1,341 1,609 1,877 2,145 2,413 2,681
-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0
-3.7 -5.9
-1.6
0.0

5.0
7.4
10.0
Displacement (mm)

15.0

20.0

25.0
22.8
30.0 29.3

35.0
Permanent gap
40.0 = 26.5mm

45.0

50.0
Pile Head Jack Top Jack Bottom Pile Bottom

44
Pile gap = 26.5mm
Pile size = ø1800mm

45
Part 4 - Results

…
46
 Post test analysis is to merge individual performance (upper and lower pile section),
therefore the equivalent analysis.

200%
open end

Equivalent
shortening analysis

100%

100%

close end

47
 Load (tonne)

1,016
1,524
2,032
2,540
3,048
3,556
4,064
4,572
5,080
5,588
6,096
6,604
7,112
7,620
8,128
8,636
9,144
9,652

0
10,160
10,668
11,176
11,684
12,192
12,700
13,208
13,716
14,224
14,732
15,240

508
31/01/2019 11:53
31/01/2019 12:06
31/01/2019 12:21
31/01/2019 12:36
31/01/2019 12:51
31/01/2019 13:06
31/01/2019 13:21
31/01/2019 13:36
31/01/2019 13:51
31/01/2019 14:06

100%
31/01/2019 14:21
31/01/2019 14:36
31/01/2019 14:51
31/01/2019 15:06
Testing - Applied Load vs. Time

31/01/2019 15:21
31/01/2019 15:36
31/01/2019 15:51
31/01/2019 16:06
31/01/2019 16:21
31/01/2019 16:36
31/01/2019 16:51
31/01/2019 17:06
31/01/2019 17:21
31/01/2019 17:36
31/01/2019 17:51
31/01/2019 18:06
31/01/2019 18:21
31/01/2019 18:36
200%

Date / Time
31/01/2019 18:51
31/01/2019 19:06
31/01/2019 19:21
31/01/2019 19:36
31/01/2019 19:51
31/01/2019 20:06

Typical feature of MLT

31/01/2019 20:21
31/01/2019 20:36
31/01/2019 20:52
31/01/2019 21:07
31/01/2019 21:24
31/01/2019 21:39
31/01/2019 21:54
31/01/2019 22:09
31/01/2019 22:24
31/01/2019 22:39
31/01/2019 22:54
31/01/2019 23:09
31/01/2019 23:24
31/01/2019 23:40
310%

31/01/2019 23:55
01/02/2019 0:10
01/02/2019 0:25
01/02/2019 0:40
01/02/2019 0:55
01/02/2019 1:10
48
 Testing - Individual Displacements (upper pile and lower pile)

100% 200% 310%

Uni-directional Load (tonne)

0 127 254 381 508 635 762 889 1,016 1,143 1,270 1,397 1,524 1,651 1,778 1,905 2,032 2,159 2,286 2,413 2,540 2,667 2,794 2,921 3,048 3,175 3,302 3,429 3,556 3,683 3,810 3,937 4,064
-30.0

-25.0

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0 1.5mm 3.7mm 6.6mm (155%)

-5.0
Displacement (mm)

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0
6.1mm 10.7mm 18.5mm

25.0
(155%)
30.0
Pile Top Jack Top Jack Bottom Pile Bottom

49
.
Equivalent analysis carried out to merge individual performance

Equivalent settlement at Equivalent settlement at Equivalent settlement at

100% (<12.5mm) 200% (<25.0mm) 300% (<38.0mm)

Load (tonne)
0 635 1,270 1,905 2,540 3,175 3,810 4,445 5,080 5,715 6,350 6,985 7,620 8,255 8,890 9,525 10,160 10,795 11,430
0.0

4.0

8.0

12.0
8.0mm
16.0
Upper pile segment’s
20.0 16.7mm elastic shortening
24.0

28.0 26.1mm
32.0

36.0
Settlememt (mm)

40.0

44.0

48.0

52.0

56.0

60.0

64.0

68.0

72.0

76.0

80.0

Top Settlement (Rigid Pile) Top Settlement (with Pile Shortening)

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 Load Distribution Chart

Unidirectional Load (tonne)

0 254 508 762 1,016 1,270 1,524 1,778 2,032 2,286 2,540 2,794 3,048 3,302 3,556 3,810 4,064 4,318 4,572
0.00

0%
1.00
10%
20%
2.00
30%

3.00 40%
50%
4.00 60%
70%
5.00
80%
90%
6.00
100%

7.00 110%
120%
8.00 130%
140%
9.00
150%
Depth (m)

160%
10.00
170%

11.00 180%
190%
12.00 200%
210%
13.00
220%
230%
14.00
240%

15.00 250%
260%
16.00 270%
280%
17.00
290%
300%
18.00
310%

19.00

20.00
Jack Location = 19.4 m
21.00

22.00

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 Mobilised Unit Shaft Friction Curve

250.0
310%
240.0
230.0 200%
220.0
210.0 100%

200.0
190.0
180.0
170.0
Mobilised nit Shaft Friction (tn/m2)

160.0
150.0
140.0
130.0
120.0
110.0
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0 Mobilised Unit End Bearing Curve
0.0
-20.0 -18.0 -16.0 -14.0 -12.0 -10.0 -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0

Top Jack Movement (mm) Bottom Jack Movement (mm)

2000.0

L1 - L2 L2 - L3 L3 - L4 L4 - Jack
1900.0 Jack - L5
310%
1800.0

1700.0

1600.0

1500.0

1400.0
Mobilised Unit End Bearing (tn/m2)

200%
1300.0

1200.0

1100.0

1000.0
100%
900.0

800.0

700.0

600.0

500.0

400.0

300.0

200.0

100.0

0.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0

Pile Toe Movement (mm)

52