THE UNIVERSAL LAWS OF PHYSICS

2ND QUARTER
LESSON 1
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
• Explain Newton’s laws of motion
• Differentiate Aristotle’s and Galileo’s concepts of motion
• Give some practical applications of the three laws of
motion
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
ISAAC NEWTON
 Gravity - Newton is probably most famous
for discovering gravity. Outlined in the
Principia, his theory about gravity helped to
explain the movements of the planets and
the Sun. This theory is known today as
Newton's law of universal gravitation.
 Laws of Motion - Newton's laws of motion
were three fundamental laws of physics that
laid the foundation for classical mechanics.
ISAAC NEWTON
 Newton invented a whole new type of
mathematics which he called "fluxions."
 Reflecting Telescope - In 1668 Newton
invented the reflecting telescope. This
type of telescope uses mirrors to reflect
light and form an image. Nearly all of the
major telescopes used in astronomy today
are reflecting telescopes.
WHAT ARE THE THREE LAWS OF MOTION?
 LAW OF INERTIA

LAW OF ACCELERATION

LAW OF INTERACTION
WHICH LAW OF MOTION DOES THIS APPLY TO?

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newtons-law-of-motion/images//cpn-img-7.png
NEWTON’S FIRST LAW
A body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will remain
in motion unless it is acted upon by an external force.
NEWTON’S FIRST LAW
 Inertia
- the property of an object that
resist changes in its motion

 There must be a cause for there to be

any change in velocity.
 External force comes from outside the
system of interest https://www.fs.blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Inertia.png
NEWTON’S FIRST LAW
An object sliding across the floor slows down due to the net
force of friction acting on the object. If friction disappeared,
would the object still slow down?
 Object A sliding along a rough surface
 Object B sliding along the surface with talc
powder
 Object C sliding along the surface with
lubricating oil

 Which object will go farthest?

 Which object will quickly grind to a halt?
NEWTON’S SECOND LAW
The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object
times its acceleration.
NEWTON’S SECOND LAW
Which has more mass? A kilogram of cotton balls or a
kilogram of gold?
NEWTON’S SECOND LAW
 Change in motion = change in velocity = change in acceleration
NEWTON’S SECOND LAW

2,000 N
NEWTON’S SECOND LAW
What force must act on a 60 kg
mass to give an acceleration of
0.20 m/s2?
F = ma
F = (60 kg) (0.20 m/s2)
F = 12 kg x m/s2
zonalandeducation.com
F = 12 N
PROBLEM SOLVING
 A dancer lifts his partner above his head with an acceleration of 2.5 m/s 2. The dancer
exerts a force of 200 N. What is the mass of the partner?
 Given: a = 2.5 m/s2
F = 200 N
 Required: m
 Solution: m = F/a

= 200 N / 2.5 m/s2

quizlet.com

m = 80 kg
PROBLEM SOLVING
 What is the acceleration of a 145 g baseball thrown with a force of 20.0 N?
 Given: F = 20.0 N
m = 145 g = 0.145 kg
 Required: a
 Solution: a = F/m
= 20.0 N / 0.145 kg
quizlet.com a=
138 m/s2
MASS VS. WEIGHT

If the mass of a plastic bottle is 55 kg on

Earth, what would be its mass on the Moon,
considering the Moon's gravitational
acceleration is approximately 1/6th that of
Earth's?
MASS VS. WEIGHT
MASS WEIGHT
 A measure of how much matter is  A measure of a force of gravity
in an object. acting on an object.
 Kilogram  W = mg
 The mass of an object remains the  Newtons
same regardless of the location  Weight depends on the
acceleration due to gravity
MASS VS. WEIGHT
490 N 83.5 N

Gmoon = 1.67 m/s2

Gearth = 9.8 m/s2

MASS VS. WEIGHT
Mass = 120 kg

Gmoon = 1.67 m/s2

Gearth = 9.8 m/s2

NEWTON’S THIRD LAW
For every action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction
NEWTON’S THIRD LAW
 Interaction- is between one thing and another.
 It requires a pair of forces acting on two objects.
NEWTON’S THIRD LAW