Globalization:- Think, Pair, and share!

LO: To be able to analyze concept and understand the difference between Pure
Substance and Mixture.

LEARNING OUTCOMES AND GOALS:-

 Recall the concept of Matter and its classification

Vocabulary  Understanding differences between Pure and Mixture
 Analyze the properties of pure substances
1. Matter  Able to differentiate between compound, Mixture as well as
2. Pure substance
3. Mixture types of Mixture

Skills Used: Communication,

Collaboration, Creativity, Critical
Thinking.
Starter:- Try segregating the things around you as pure
substances or mixtures
1) Classification of matter :-
i) On the basis of the physical state, matter is classified into three main
types. They are solids, liquids and gases.
ii) On the basis of chemical composition matter is classified into two
main types. They are pure substances and mixtures.
Pure substances are of two types. The are elements and compounds.
Mixtures are of two types. They are homogeneous mixtures and
heterogeneous mixtures.
Matter

Pure substances Mixtures

Elements Compounds Homogeneous Heterogeneous

2) Pure substances and mixtures :-
i) Pure substance :- is a substance which consists of a single type of substance
(element or compound).
Eg:- iron, copper, hydrogen, oxygen, water, sugar, common salt etc.
ii) Mixture :- is a substance which consists of two or more pure
substances. Eg:- sea water, minerals, soil, air, sand and salt, sugar in
water, salt in water etc.

Differences between pure substances and mixtures :-

Sl.No. Pure substance
1 Pure substance consists of a
single type of substance
2 Pure substance cannot be
separated into other substances
by physical methods.
3 Pure substance has its own
definite properties.
Mixture
Mixture consists of two or more
pure substances.
Mixture can be separated into its
components by physical methods.
Mixture shows the properties of its
components.
Types of pure substances :-
Pure substances are of two types. They are elements and
compounds.
i) Element :- is a basic form of matter which cannot be broken down
into simpler substances by chemical reactions. Elements are of
three types. They are metals, non metals and metalloids.
Properties of metals :-
They have lustre. They are malleable and ductile. They are good
conductors of heat and electricity. They are sonorous.
Eg :- iron, aluminium, zinc, mercury, copper, silver, gold etc.
Properties of non metals :-
They do not have lustre. They are not malleable or ductile. They are
poor conductors of heat and electricity. They are not sonorus.
Eg :- hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, iodine, carbon, sulphur,
phosphorus etc.
Properties of metalloids :-
Metalloids are elements which show some properties of metals and
some properties of non metals.
Eg :- boron, silicon, germanium etc.
Physical properties of metals and nonmetals
ii) Compound :-
A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements chemically
combined together in a fixed ratio.
Eg :- water, carbon dioxide, sugar, salt, iron sulphide etc.

Differences between mixtures and compounds :-

Sl.No. Mixture Compound
1 It is composed of two or more It is composed of two or more
elements or compounds elements chemically combined
mixed together. together.
2 The composition of the The composition of the
components is in any ratio. components is in a fixed ratio.

3 It shows the properties of the It shows different properties

components. than the components.

4 The components can be The components can be

separated by physical separated only by chemical
methods. methods.
3) Types of mixtures :-
Mixtures are of two types. They are homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous
mixture.
i) Homogeneous mixture :- is a mixture which has a uniform
composition.
- The particles of the mixture are not visible by the naked eye.
- The particles cannot be separated by filtration.
- The mixture is stable (the particles do not settle down).
- The path of a beam of light is not visible in the mixture.
Eg :- mixture of sugar in water, mixture of salt in water, mixture of
copper sulphate in water etc.
ii) Heterogeneous mixture :- is a mixture which has a non -
uniform composition.
- The particles are visible by the naked eye.
- The particles can be separated by filtration.
- The mixture is unstable (the particles settle down).
- The path of a beam of light is visible in the mixture.
Eg :- mixture of salt and sand, mixture of sulphur and iron filings,
mixture of oil and water etc.
 Main Task- 10 Mins Skills Used: Critical Thinking, Creativity

Task 3
Task 1 Task 2
1. Critically
1. Is Water is a pure 1. Differentiate between analyze between
substance why? Homogeneoous and
Pure and
Heterogeneous
Substances? Mixtures with
real life
Task 4 examples?

Alloys cannot be separated

Task 5 Task 6
into their components by
physical methods. But still, an 1. Brief differences
alloy is considered as a 1. Why a mixture is an
about mixture and
mixture why? impure substance?
compound with
examples.
Self- Assessment
 LO: To be able to analyze concept and understand the difference between Pure
Substance and Mixture.

LEARNING OUTCOMES AND GOALS:-

Vocabulary  Recall the concept of Types of mixtures and discuss

Alloy formation
1. Solution, suspension and
 Understanding types differences and properties between
colloidal solution solution, suspension and colloidal solution
2. Tyndall effect  Apply concept of colloidal solution to understand
3. Alloy
Tyndall effect

Skills Used: Communication,

Collaboration, Creativity, Critical
Thinking.
True solution :-
A true solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more
substances.
A solution has a solvent and solute as its components.
The component in the larger amount is the solvent and the
component in the lesser amount is the solute.
Eg :- solution of salt in water, solution of sugar in water,
Iodine in Alcohol (tincture iodine), soda water etc.

Properties of true solutions :-

i) True solution is a homogeneous mixture.
ii) The particles are cannot be seen by the naked eye.
iii) The solute particles cannot be separated by filtration.
iv) The solute particles do not settle down and the solution
is stable.
v ) The particles do not scatter a beam of light passing
through it and the path of light is not visible in the
EXAMPLES:-

SOLUTION SOLUTE SOLVENT

1. Glucose solution Sugar or Glucose Water

2. Tincture Iodine Alcohol

3. Soft Drinks CO2 Water

4. Air Oxygen(21%) Nitrogen(78%)

 Saturated Solubility Unsaturated
solution solution

solution which substance is the solution which

cannot dissolve amount of can dissolve
any solute present some more of
more of a solute in a saturated the solute at a
at a given solution of the given
temperature substance. temperature
Saturated solution :-
Preparation of a saturated solution :-

Take 50ml of water in two beakers. Add salt in one beaker with

continuous stirring till no more salt dissolves in it. Similarly add

sugar in the other beaker with continuous

stirring till no more sugar dissolves in it.

We get saturated solutions of salt and sugar.

If the mixtures are heated it dissolves some more of the

solute.

The solubility of different substances are different.

The solubility of substances varies with temperature.
CASE STUDY:-

Take approximately 50 mL of water

each in two separate beakers.
• Add salt in one beaker and sugar or
barium chloride in the second beaker
with continuous stirring.
• When no more solute can be dissolved,
heat the contents of the beaker to
raise the temperature by about 5°C.
• Start adding the solute again.

Is the amount of salt and sugar or barium

chloride, that can be dissolved in water at a
given temperature, the same?
Colloidal solution :-
A colloidal solution is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more
substances.
Eg :- mixture of starch in water, mixture of egg albumin in water,
milk, air containing dust and smoke etc.

Properties of colloidal solution :-

i) Colloidal solution is a heterogeneous mixture.
ii) The particles cannot be seen by the naked eye.
iii) The solute particles cannot be separated by filtration.
iv) The solute particles do not settle down and the solution
is stable.
v) The particles scatter a beam of light passing through it
and the path of light is visible in the solution.
Colloidal solution :-
Dispersed phase
• The solute-like component
or the dispersed particles in a
colloid form the dispersed
phase,
Dispersing medium
• The component in which the
dispersed phase is suspended
is known as the dispersing
medium.

• They cannot be separated from the

mixture by the process of filtration.
• But, a special technique of separation known
as centrifugation can be used to separate the colloidal
particles
Colloidal solution :-
Suspension :-
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more
substances.
Eg :- solution of sand in water, solution of chalk powder in
water etc.

Properties of suspension :-
i) Suspension is a heterogeneous mixture.
ii) The particles can be seen by the naked eye.
iii) The solute particles can be separated by filtration.
iv) The solute particles settle down and the solution is
unstable.
v) The particles scatter a beam of light passing through it
and the path of light is visible in the solution.
 SUSPENSION
Solute particles can be Solute particles settle down
separated by filtration. and the solution is unstable.

Solute particles scatter light

and the path of light is visible.
SUMMARY
Tyndall effect :-
When a beam of light is passed through a colloidal solution, the
colloid particles scatter the beam of light and the path of light
becomes visible in the solution. This effect is called Tyndall effect.
Tyndall effect can be seen when light enters a room through a
small hole due to scattering of light by the dust and smoke
particles.
Tyndall effect can be seen in a dense forest due to scattering of
light by water droplets in the mist.
Tyndall effect :-

• Tyndall effect can be observed

when sunlight passes through
the canopy of a dense forest.

• In the forest, mist contains tiny

droplets of water, which act as
particles of colloid dispersed in
air.
 Main Task- 10 Mins
Task 1
Task 3
Task 2
1. To the already
prepared solution of 1. When a beam of
1. Differentiate light was passed
a solute A’ prepared
between Solution, through the solution
in water, a small
Suspension and of a substance A
amount of A is
colloidal solution dissolved in water,
added. However, it
with examples? the path of light
does not dissolve.
What does it could be seen.
indicate ? Predict the nature
of the solution.?

Skills Used: Critical Thinking, Creativity

 LO: To be able to analyze concept and understand the difference between Pure
Substance and Mixture.

LEARNING OUTCOMES AND GOALS:-

 Recalling properties of solution and applying

Vocabulary concepts to evaluate concentration of solution

1. Matter  Analyzing and Investigating substances undergoing physical and

2. Pure substance
3. Mixture chemical changes.

Skills Used: Communication,

Collaboration, Creativity, Critical
Thinking.
 Concentration of a solution :-
The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute present in a given amount of the
solvent or solution.
Amount of solute
Concentration of a solution =
Amount of solvent

Amount of solute
Or =
Amount of solution
The concentration of a solution can be expressed as mass by mass percentage or as mass by
volume percentage.
Mass of solute
Mass by mass percentage of a solution = X 100
Mass of solution
Mass of solute
Mass by volume percentage of a solution = X 100
Volume of solution
PROBLEM

 To make a saturated solution, 36g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 100 g of water at

293 K. Find its concentration at this temperature.
Q- Which of the following will show the “Tyndall
effect”?
 (a) Salt solution
 (b) Milk
 (c) Copper sulphate solution
 (d) Starch solution.
Q- Which of the following will show the “Tyndall
effect”?
 (a) Salt solution
 (b) Milk
 (c) Copper sulphate solution
 (d) Starch solution.

 Solution:
 Milk and starch solution
 Classify the following into elements,
compounds and mixtures.
 (a) Sodium
 (b) Soil
 (c) Sugar solution
 (d) Silver
 (e) Calcium carbonate
 (f) Tin
 (g) Silicon
 (h) Coal
 (i) Air
 (j) Soap
 (k) Methane
 (l) Carbon dioxide
 (m) Blood.
 Classify the following into elements,
compounds and mixtures.
 (a) Sodium ANSWER
 (b) Soil
 (c) Sugar solution
 (d) Silver
 (e) Calcium carbonate
 (f) Tin
 (g) Silicon
 (h) Coal
 (i) Air
 (j) Soap
 (k) Methane
 (l) Carbon dioxide
 (m) Blood.
Physical and Chemical Changes
Physical Changes
 The changes in which no new substance are
formed are called physical changes.
 In a physical change, the substances involved
do not change their identity. They can be
easily returned to their original form by some
physical changes.
 For Example : Freezing of water, Boiling of
water, Condensation of steam, Making a
solution, Glowing of electric bulb, stretching
of rubber band, cutting or tearing a piece of
paper etc.
Physical and Chemical Changes
Chemical Changes
 The changes in which new substance are
formed, are called chemical changes.
 In a chemical change, the substances
involved change their identity i.e. they get
converted into entirely new substance.
 For Example : Burning of magnesium
ribbon, Rusting of iron, Formation of curd
from milk, Cooking of food etc.

.
 Main Task- 10 Mins
Task 3
Task 1 Task 2
1. What would you observe
when :
1. How will you justify 1. What is dispersed (a) A saturated solution of
that rusting of iron phase and potassium nitrate
is a chemical change prepared at 60°C is
dispersion allowed to cool to room
? medium in a temperature ?
(b) A mixture of iron
colloid ? filings and sulphur is
heated strongly ?
(c) A colloidal solution of
starch is passed through
Skills Used: Critical an ordinary filter paper ?
Thinking, Creativity
 Plenary

Padlet wall:

https://padlet.com/shehnazali/ffjjwug40b1c81f
Self- Assessment