C.

9 INJURY AND
HAZARDS
 L.O-OUTLINE THE TYPES OF
INJURIES COMMON IN
DIFFERENT SPORTS.
Define musculoskeletal injuries
Distinguish between compression, tension and shearing injuries. Conceptual
Evaluate the benefits and hazards of exercise with regard to health.. Question
Suggest reasons
why walking
reduces the risk
of CHD.
DEFINE MUSCULOSKELETAL
INJURIES
Musculoskeletal injuries covers a range of
disorders involving muscles, bones, tendons,
blood vessels, nerves or related soft tissue
including sprains, strains and inflammation.
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
COMPRESSION, TENSION AND
SHEARING INJURIES.
Compression: Compact injury to a specific body part that
causes bleeding, superficial or deep tissue bruising, broken
bones or joint injuries (for example, colliding with another
player or equipment).
Tension: Injury that occurs when a tissue is stretched beyond its
normal limits (for example, when landing from a jump).
Shearing: Friction injury caused by two surfaces rubbing
together (for example, contact between the skin and the
ground), which can also affect other connective tissues, such as
cartilage
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN ACUTE
AND CHRONIC INJURIES.
Acute injuries: These occur suddenly as a result of
a specific injury mechanism (for example, fractured
wrist, anterior cruciate ligament tear, concussion).
Chronic injuries: These develop over a period of
several weeks and are often caused by repetitive
activity (for example, tennis elbow, shin splints).
OUTLINE THE TYPES OF INJURIES
COMMON IN DIFFERENT SPORTS.
Lower limb injuries represent the highest percentage of injuries
to athletes in many sports, for example, football, running and
skiing.
• Types of lower limb injuries include meniscus tears, tendinosis,
sport-induced osteoarthritis, muscle strains and ligament sprains.
• Spinal injuries, including fractures, occur in sports such as
diving, gymnastics and horse riding.
• Head injuries such as concussion can occur in cycling and
rugby
OUTLINE THE COMMON CAUSES
OF RUNNING-RELATED INJURIES.
Injuries can be caused by impact and repetition of the same movement
(overuse injury) but other factors might include:
• rapid increase in training distance or intensity
• running surface
• footwear
• previous injuries
• running experience
• biomechanical imbalance
• twists and turns.
EXPLAIN HOW RISKS AND HAZARDS
OF EXERCISE CAN BE REDUCED.
Risk and hazard prevention strategies are sports specific and may
differ according to the individual athlete. They include:
• regular moderate exercise
• protective equipment
• regular health and wellness evaluations with a medical professional
• injury prevention strategies (for example, correct warm-up and
cool-down, and stretching routines)
• injury prevention education for coaches, referees and athletes.
EVALUATE THE BENEFITS AND
HAZARDS OF EXERCISE WITH
REGARD TO HEALTH..
The risk associated by strenuous exercise may be outweighed by the benefits of
physical activity.
• There is evidence that habitual, moderate to vigorous exercise protects against
CHD.
• Some forms of moderate exercise, such as jogging, walking and cycling, also pose
a risk of injury through collisions with vehicles and falls.