Group II

Lesson 4- Araby
Objectives:
• How to actively listen to the speaker.
• How to use your stance ang eye contact while
speaking.
• Understanding James Joyce’s short story, Araby.
• How to identify and create Adjective Clauses.
• How to properly write your personal responses.
• How to use Outlining while studying.
Active Listening
Section 1
Active Listening (POV of the listener)
• Listening with a purpose.
• The listener makes a feedback, either verbally or
non-verbally, positively or negatively.
• You may use gestures or facial expressions to state
your feedback, whether it is positive or negative is
up to you.
• You may also say statements about your opinions.
Active Listening (POV of the speaker)
• To know if they are actively listening, you may
try to elicit a reaction, response, or opinion from
them.
• You must also be civil with the listener’s opinion,
even if it may be negative.
Questions (Active Listening)

-Are there any traits an active

listener should have?
-What are the results in active
listening?
 Using your stance and
Eye Contact in Presenting
a Speech
Section 2
Using your stance and Eye Contact in
Presenting a Speech
In presenting a speech, consider the ff. pointers:
• Walk confidently to the front of the room. Take a
few seconds comfortably and look out at your
audience before you begin. You may use eye
contact to assert your presence. You may try to
use the W/M gaze trick to look at the audience
before the speech.
W or M gaze
Using your stance and Eye Contact in
Presenting a Speech
• Speak a bit more slowly than you normally do.
The audience must be comfortable and be able to
understand your message. Speaking too fast may
seem like you are uneasy and are trying to end
the speech as quick as possible. Avoid talking too
slowly as well as it may seem unprepared and
unconfident to the audience.
Using your stance and Eye Contact in
Presenting a Speech
• Maintain Eye contact with the audience. Look at
the different audience members or different parts
of the room. Avoid looking at the ceiling or at the
floor. You must help the audience to feel that
they are involved in the speech.
 Literary Note &
Background of the
Selection
Section 3
Literary Note- “Epiphany”
• Epiphany, as a religious term, refers to the
commemoration of the coming of the Magi as the first
manifestation of Christ to the Gentiles. It is the
appearance of the divine being that serves to enlighten.
In literature, it was used by James Joyce to indicate an
episode or an incident in which something essential
was suddenly recognized. Reality is grasped through a
simple event and this event is seen in a new light.
Background of the Selection

James Joyce
• He was born in Dublin, Ireland on
February 2, 1882
• He was able to rise above his
experience sinking in the social
order with his irresponsible father
by producing 6 books- a volume of
verse, a play, and 4 books of fiction.
• His vision of home is reflected in
his works, particularly in the
collection of short stories, the
Background of the Selection

James Joyce
• He became popular when he
released his novel, Ulysses in 1922.
• He was supported financially by an
English woman so that he can
devote his time into writing.
• He died in January 13, 1941 in
Zürich, Switzerland after
undergoing an Duodenal Ulcer
surgery and falling into a coma.
Araby
Section 4
Araby
• It is a cautionary tale of how one person’s obsessions
can lead him to nothingness and disappointment.
• The story follows a boy, then later a man, that is
infatuated with a girl. To impress her, he ventures of
to a bazaar to get her a gift, yet all he finds is an
empty hall of disappointment.
• It is a short story from Joyce’s collection the
Dubliners
Araby
• In the ending, he had a moment of epiphany
when he realized that all this craze about the
vanity of the bazaar was nothing more than a lie.
• It also takes place in (most likely due to the name
of the collection) Dublin, Ireland.
Araby
Vocabulary Scan
• Imperturbable- Unshakably calm and collected
• Luxuriate- To take luxurious pleasure
• Garrulous- Tiresomely talkative
• Pervades- To be present throughout
Adjective Clauses
Section 5
Adjective Clauses
• An Adjective Clause is a subordinate clause that
modifies a noun or pronoun by telling what kind or
which one.
• It comes after the noun/pronoun and functions
exactly as a single-word adjective would.
• Usually introduced by a relative pronoun such as
who, whom, whose, which, or that.
• Sometimes connected by a relative adverb.
Relative Pronoun
• A relative pronoun or relative adverb connects
the adjective phrase to the modified word and
acts within the clause as a subject, object, or
sentence part.
Various Roles of Relative Pronouns in
Adjective Clauses (and how to notice them)
As a subject As a direct object
• These are used as subject • Uses object pronouns
pronouns. • Him, Her, Them, Us, I
• He, She, It, They, We • Uses ‘whom’ when referring
• Occasionally does not to a person.
include a pronoun.
Various Roles of Relative Pronouns in
Adjective Clauses (and how to notice them)
As an object of a preposition As an adjective
• They are object pronouns • They describe or add
that are always after a additional information about
preposition. the subject noun/pronoun.
• May also use ‘whom’ in the
clause.
Various Roles of Relative Pronouns in
Adjective Clauses (and how to notice them)
As an Adverb
• It acts as an adverb.
• Usually refers to the time or location of what it
refers to.
Personal
Response
Section 6
Personal Response
When writing a personal response, you state your
idea and then defend the idea with details from the
text. The ff. are what you need to consider when
writing a personal response:
• What ideas and impressions does the text suggest
to you? Consider the context, and then develop
your response by referring to the text.
Personal Response
• In writing, you should select a prose poem that is
appropriate to the ideas you wish to express and that will
enable you to effectively communicate to the reader. You
can make it either a narrative prose, expository, or even a
persuasive text.
• Discuss ideas and impressions that are meaningful to you.
• Respond from a personal, critical, and/or creative
perspective. Multiple ways of responding can give better
ideas to the receiver of the response.
Personal Response
• Consider how you can create a strong unifying
effect. Everyone has to at least understand you
perspective in the end, no matter how different or
controversial it is.
Personal Response
When writing a personal response, you need to
determine 4 things before writing:
• Theme of the text (Idea, impression)
• Supporting detail
• Prose form
• Perspective (Personal, Critical, Creative)
Outlining
Section 7
Outlining
An outline presents a picture of the main ideas and
subsidiary ideas of any subject. Outlining involves
the ability to distinguish between what is of major
or primary importance and what is of subordinate
or secondary.
Sentence Outline
A hierarchical outline composed of sentences.
Each includes a heading or single sentence of a
planned document about the subject about the
outline.

One application for this is for planning the

composition of books.
 Sentence Outline

ww.researchgate.net/figure/A-Formal-Sentence-Outline-for-a-Paper-on-Starting-a-Small-Business_fig2_286625968
Topic Outline
A hierarchical outline composed of topics.
Eachentry is a subtopic of the subject of the
outline.

One use of this outline is the college course

overview.
 Topic Outline

coursehero.com/tutors-problems/English/34180799-Construct-a-TOPIC-OUTLINE-for-the-topic-The-Effects-of-COVID-19/
The 2 popular outline formats:

Alphanumeric Format Decimal Format

• Uses Roman numerals, • Uses numbers and
letters, and numbers to decimals to indicate major
show major and minor and minor ideas. It shows
ideas. It is simple and how every item at every
familiar, often used in level relates to the whole
academic assignments. and is often used in
outlining meeting agenda.
Alphanumeric Format Decimal Format
Thank you for listening