FOODBO

RNE
ILLNESS
PENDAHULUAN
Keracunan makanan, atau disebut sebagai foodborne
illness, ialah keluhan mual, muntah dan diare yang
disebabkan oleh kontaminasi bakteri, virus, parasit atau
bahan kimia pada makanan atau minuman yang
dikonsumsi sebelumnya.

Sebagian besar kasus dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya

(self limiting disease), tidak sedikit di antara kasus
tersebut yang berakibat fatal.
PENYEBAB
1. Infeksi Campylobacter yang berasal dari susu yang tidak
dipasteurisasi
2. Norovirus yang berasal dari hewan laut bercangkang
3. Infeksi Escherichia coli dan Salmonella sp. yang berasal dari
telur mentah atau tidak matang
4. Toksin ciguatera dari ikan seperti kerapu, tuna, dan barakuda
5. Cyclospora yang ditemukan pada rasberi
6. Virus hepatitis A, serta Listeria yang berasal dari daging
olahan dalam kemasan.

Di Indonesia, patogen yang banyak ditemukan ialah

Escherichia coli (20%), Bacillus cereus (19,4%), dan
Staphylococcus sp (18,3%)

Patogen yang banyak menimbulkan kematian adalah

Norovirus, Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp, dan
Listeria monocytogenes
GEJALA
 Gejala Utama : Muntah dan Diare

 Gejala Tambahan :

0
02
SUHU 03
1 NYERI
MUAL TUBUH
PERUT
MENINGKA
04 T05 06
NYERI NYERI NYERI
KEPALA OTOT SENDI
 How Soon Do Symptoms Start?
When Symptoms Germ Common Sources
Symptoms
Begin
30 minutes to 8 Nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, Staphylococcus Foods that are not cooked after
hours diarrhea aureus (Staph food handling, such as sliced meats,
poisoning) puddings, pastries, and sandwiches

Within 24 hours Watery diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps, Vibrio Raw or undercooked shellfish,
vomiting, fever, chills particularly oysters

6 to 24 hours Diarrhea, stomach cramps that last for less Clostridium perfringens Meat, poultry, gravies, and other
than 24 hours—vomiting and fever foods cooked in large batches
are not common and held at an unsafe temperature

6 hours to 6 days Diarrhea (can be bloody), fever, stomach Salmonella Raw or undercooked chicken, turkey,
cramps, vomiting and other meats; eggs; unpasteurized
(raw) milk and juice; raw fruits and
vegetables, many animals,
including backyard poultry, reptiles
and amphibians, and rodents (pocket
pets)
12 to 48 hours Diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, stomach pain
—fever, headache, and body aches are
also possible
18 to 36 hours Difficulty swallowing, muscle weakness,
double or blurred vision, drooping eyelids,
slurred speech, and difficulty moving eyes -
symptoms start in the head and move down
as the illness gets worse
2 to 5 days Diarrhea (often bloody), fever, stomach
cramps
3 to 4 days Severe stomach cramps, diarrhea (often
bloody), vomiting
Long-term effects: Around 5–10% of people
diagnosed with E. coli develop a life-
threatening health problem called hemolytic
uremic syndrome
Norovirus Leafy greens, fresh
fruits, shellfish (such as raw oysters),
contaminated water, infected person,
touching surfaces that have the virus
on them
Clostridium
botulinum (Botulism)
Improperly canned or fermented foods,
homemade illicit alcohol (pruno)
Campylobacter
Raw or undercooked poultry, raw
(unpasteurized) milk, contaminated
water, pets (including cats and dogs)
E. coli (Escherichia coli) Raw or undercooked ground
beef, raw (unpasteurized) milk and
juice, raw vegetables (such
as lettuce), raw sprouts, and
contaminated water
1 week Watery diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight Cyclospora Raw fruits or vegetables and herbs
loss, stomach cramps, bloating, increased
gas, nausea, fatigue

2 weeks Listeria (invasive illness)

Fever and flu-like symptoms (such as muscle )
aches and fatigue), headache, stiff neck,
confusion, loss of balance, and seizures
Queso fresco and other soft
cheeses, raw sprouts, melons, hot
People who are pregnant: Infections during
dogs, pâtés, deli meats, smoked fish,
pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth,
and raw (unpasteurized) milk
premature delivery, or life-threatening
infection of the newborn. Call the doctor right
away if you have a fever and feel more tired
and achy than usual.
Pengobatan
01 03
Rehidrasi : Keracunan makanan dapat
konsumsi oralit sembuh sendiri/self limiting
disease

02 04
Konsumsi obat anti diare Namun bila timbul
(bismuth subsalisilat) gejala red flag 
konsultasi dokter
RED FLAG
1. Diare Berdarah
2. Diare > 3 hari
3. Demam lebih dari 38oc
4. Muntah terlalu sering hingga tidak bisa
menahannya.
5. Dehidrasi : BAK sedikit, mulut dan
tenggorokan kering, pusing saat berdiri
6. Hipotensi
7. Pandangan Buram
8. Penurunan Kesadaran
 ALUR DETEKSI DINI
KERACUNAN MAKANAN
Konsumsi Makanan Mentah/Tidak Masak
Makanan Kaleng
Produk Susu Tidak Dipasteurisasi
Produk Daging Olahan
Ikan/Seafood Tidak Segar
Air Tidak Matang

Gejala Utama Gejala Tambahan

Rehidrasi
Red Flag

Self Limiting Disease Konsultasi

Dokter
PENCEGAHA
N
THANK
YOU!
 Daftar Pustaka
● https://www.alomedika.com/penyakit/gastr
oentero-hepatologi/keracunan-makanan
● https://www.alodokter.com/keracunan-mak
anan
● https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/symptoms.
html
● https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/groups/hea
lthcare-professionals.html