Local complications of

maxillofacial area injuries

By: Razy Kontar
Local complications :
• Secondary bleeding
• Infectious inflammatory complications
• Traumatic osteomyelitis
• Ankylosis
• Persistent contracture of the masticatory muscles
• Traumatic sinusitis
• Fistula of the salivary glands
• Paresthesia, hyposthesia and hyperesthesia of the skin of the face and
mucosa
Bleeding
1) Intra-tissue
2) External
3) Internal
a) Primary
b) Secondary :Complications such as secondary bleeding may occur 7-15 days
after the injury or at a later date.
Hematoma formation
Haematoma formation post-operatively is usually due to a combination of
inadequate post-operative haemostasis combined with overtight suturing. Its
occurrence leads to the development of considerable swelling of the face and
neck adjacent to the operation site, and the firm swelling is painful and tender on
palpation.
Infectious and inflammatory complications :
soft tissue suppuration
Symptoms :– intense pain;
– peritoneal tissue infiltration and swelling;
– hyperemia of the skin;
– frank fluctuation of the swelling;
– visible discharge of pus;
– fever;
– leukocytosis;
Supporation of bone wound
Suppuration of a bone wound is an inflammatory process, localized only in
the area of the primary lesion of the bone, easily eliminated by draining
the purulent focus. In case of bone wound suppuration, the main sign of
traumatic osteomyelitis is absent — there is no bone necrosis or sequestration.
The duration of this period is 7–10 days.
Traumatic osteomyelitis
This is a purulent-necrotic process in the area of jaw damage, which is
accompanied by bone necrosis with the formation of sequesters and bone
Regeneration
1) Acute
2) Subacute
3) Chronic
Ankylosis
This is a persistent reduction of the jaws, caused by the fusion of
the articular surface of the head of the lower jaw with the articular cavity of
the temporal bone.
By the type of forming tissue fibrous and bone ankylosis are distinguished.
Paresthesias , Hypothesias
Paresthesias, hyposthesias and hyperaesthesias of the face skin and oral
mucosa are one of the complications of trauma to the maxillofacial area due to
the case of injuries of the branches of the trigeminal nerve