MODULE 4

ING 480 A
 COMPETENCES
- Develops fluency and correctness in the use of language in oral
expression.
- Interprets the effects of nonverbal communication, tone, volume, voice,
modulation, and nonverbal skills.
- Encourages critical analysis.
- Demonstrates ability to listen, analyze, and respond correctly to ideas
presented in classroom presentations.
- Demonstrates ability to organize and present considering the logical
sequence of ideas.
- Demonstrate ability to use inductive, deductive, and rhetorical techniques
and strategies.
 INTRODUCTION
■ Rhetoric is present everywhere; it is a language intended to motivate,
persuade, or inform. Everyday instances of rhetoric can be as simple as a
quick text message, a wave to someone you know, or your body language as
you sit in class or a meeting. All these forms of communication can lead to
positive or negative outcomes depending on the context of the situation and
the audience's interpretation of the message.
■ It is a powerful tool that can be used for good, evil, and neutral purposes to
influence the world around us. It involves the use of language to achieve
various goals, such as persuading, informing, or entertaining in different
situations.
■ Rhetoric is the study of how language shapes behaviors and beliefs.
Originated in fifth century in Athens and played a central role in the
development of Western politics and education. Today, it is still taught at
universities to train future lawyers, teachers, creative writers, politicians,
marketers, and effective communicators of all kinds.
 Brief History
■ Developed by rhetoricians from the fifth century BC or the Classical
period of Ancient Greece. Its main purpose was to teach the art of public
speaking to Greek citizens and later to the children of wealthy families
under the Roman Empire.
■ Public speaking was highly valued as a form of Education and for about
2,000 years it was the core of the educational process in Western Europe.
One of the most influential textbooks in education ever written is “The
Training of an Orator”, a rhetoric book authored by Roman rhetorician
Quintillian.
■ Modern rhetoric has evolved to focus more on the audience and the
reader, now rhetoric considers how the audience affects the
communication’s intention. In the present, its consideration focuses on
the audience, intention, structure, as well as the interpretation and the
creation processes.
DEFINITION
Rhetoric is "the art of winning the soul by discourse.”
Plato.
■ Rhetoric is the art of
discourse (communication
of thought through words.
Focusing on the capacity
of the speaker to inform,
persuade, and motivate
audiences in specific
situations.
■ The best-known definition
comes from Aristotle who
considers it a counterpart
of both logic and politics –
a means of persuasion.
Providing a technique for
problem solving of
immediate goals, or to
speed up the process of
finding a solution.
Examples of rhetoric
■ Politicians deliver rallying cries to inspire
people to act.
■ Advertisers create catchy slogans to get
people to buy products.
■ Lawyers present emotional arguments to
sway a jury.
The Five Canons of
Rhetoric…
■ Trace the traditional tasks in
designing a persuasive speech,
which was first codified in
classical Rome: invention,
arrangement, style, memory, and
delivery.
 List of Common Rhetorical Devices
■ Alliteration ■ Assonance
■ Anaphora ■ Euphemism
■ Hyperbole ■ Irony
■ Metaphor ■ Personification
■ Antithesis ■ Amplifier
■ Onomatopoeia ■ Antanagoge
■ Chiasmus ■ Anacoluthon
■ Epistrophe ■ Antiphrasis
■ Oxymoron ■ Metonymy
■ Allusion ■ Asyndeton
■ Anadiplosis ■ Epanalepsis
■ Analogy ■ Litotes
 ■ Refers to the effective or
skillful use of language, as
RHETORIC well as the careful planning of
language to achieve a desired
AL effect on the audience.

STRATEGIE ■ e.g. convince, persuade,

create emotion.
S ■ Includes: Evidence, Ethos
appeal, Pathos appeal, and
credibility.
 TYPES OF RHETORICAL
STRATEGIES
Arrangement – Refers to the structure of the writing,
including the placement of the main claim and the order of
presented evidence.

Type of Evidence – Facts, statistics, examples, research,

personal stories, and expert opinions to support the
arguments.

Language – How authors use wording, phrasing, emphasis,

and repetition to convey their message.

Style and Tone - Writing can take on various tones: formal,

informal, scholarly, conversational, humorous, or sarcastic.
 …Rhetorical Strategies
4P’s in Public Speaking 4 Methods of Speech
Delivery
■ Preparation ■ Impromptu
■ Practice ■ Manuscript
■ Presentation ■ Memorized
■ Performance ■ Extemporaneous
Delivery
 TYPES OF
SPEECHES
■ INFORMATIVE
■ DEMONSTRATIVE
■ PERSUASIVE
■ ENTERTAINING
■ SPECIAL OCCASION
 Task 1
PERSUASIVE
SPEECH
Persuasive Speech
■ Establishing Your Main
Objective and Structuring Your
Points
■ Identifying the Purpose of Your
Persuasive Speech. ...
■ Organizing Key Points for
Maximum Impact. ...
■ Building Credibility with
Ethos. ...
■ Connecting with the Audience
Through Pathos. ...
■ Strengthening Arguments with
Logos. ...
■ Gathering and Presenting
Convincing Evidence.
Speech duration time: 5 to 6 minutes

PRESENTATION DATES Let's schedule a session for

■ June 26th reading and discussing
persuasive document and
■ June 28th
the associated rubric on
■ July 3rd June 21st.
■ July 5th
Task 2
Glossary: Common Rhetorical Devices
■ Write the definition of
the rhetorical device
and an example.
■ Due date: June 21st