Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Identifying and Analysing Social Service and Community Organisations
Identifying and Analysing Social Service and Community Organisations
Identifying and Analysing Social Service and Community Organisations
Lecture 4
Plan of presentation
• Part 1: Types of Organisations
Public Sector Organisations
Private Sector Organizations
Third Sector Organisations
- Community-Based Organisation
- Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)
Private sector
Part 1: Public sector
Third sector
Types of Non-Governmental Organisations
organisations Community Based Organisations.
Community
Based
Organisations
(CBOs)
Non-
Governmental
Organisations
(NGOs)
What are Private Sector Organisations?
Types Of CBOS
Organisations owned by individuals.
· Direct Benefits:
A CBO is designed specifically for the community it operates in, thus
ensuring that any benefits the organization offers goes to those it is
intended for. This makes it easier to ensure that the issues in the
community are getting ‘full’ attention in order to find a solution.
Advantages
· Perpetuity:
Since a CBO is an established organization, it is separate from any one individual and is
eligible for organizational perpetuity.
This means that if the person who initially began and operates the CBO leaves for
whatever reason, retires or dies, the organization is not going to necessarily end. Rather,
the orgnaisation will continue so long as it has a purpose.
•Liability Protection:
The separation that CBOs have from individuals as organizations means that they have some
built-in liability protection in place. If a member's personal actions lead to consequences like
fines or lawsuits, the CBO isn't going to be impacted on a legal standpoint.
Should a CBO be sued directly or have any kind of legal consequences for its actions, it is
able to have its own liability insurance coverage to protect it as it is considered a type of
non-profit.
Disadvantages
• Financial Restrictions:
Money is often an issue for most CBO, as their actions are dependent
on the funding. Progression towards the group's goals and their
activities for the community development process can be delayed if
there are any financial issues at hand, like a lack of money from
fundraising and donations.
• Workforce:
CBOs are dependent on people being involved in the organization,
and their workforce is primarily made up of volunteers. While this can
be a good thing-volunteers tend to have a genuine passion for their
cause(s)-it can backfire if there aren't enough volunteers to get things
done.
Disadvantages
• Social Pressures:
Even when there is support within the community for CBOs and
community development, there can also be resistance. The goals
and/or methods of a CBO may not have widespread acceptance in
the community. It is therefore important for CBOs to pay attention
to the atmosphere of the community and the attitudes of its
residents when it is taking actions.
What are NGOs?
Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)
• NGOs are Third Sector Organisations which concentrate on development
activities and focus their energies and resources towards poverty reduction.
• Difficult to define NGOs because the concepts and terms used to explain NGOs
are unsystematic and unclear in terms of the nature, types and roles.
• For instance, NGOs are also referred to as:
Non-Profit Organization (NPO)
Grassroots Organization (GRO)
Civil Service Organization (CSO),
Membership Organization (MO)
• Often, these different categories refer to the same concept.
Ghana’s NGO Policy
Guidelines
• According to Ghana’s NGO Policy
Guidelines 2007,:
• NGOs are independent, non-profit
making, non-political and charitable
organisations, which primarily seek to
enhance the social, cultural and
economic wellbeing of people in
society without any religious, political
or ethnic bias.
Credit: Konga.com
Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)
• NGOs form part of civil groups and are essential actors in society,
politics and economic advancement.
• Aside from the collaboration mentioned previously, a CBO will not exist outside of the community
they act in.
• CBO can be a part of or connected to a larger organization like a regular Non-Profit Organisation,
but they will not act as a branch of that organization outside of their geographic focus.
• Within community development, CBOs tend to serve primarily as the middlemen for resources and
actions.
• Many larger groups, like Non-profits use CBOs as a way of interacting with those who are already
at work on issues within the community.
PART TWO
Strategic & Operational Planning for NGOs
Strategic & Operational Planning for NGOs
•Oxfam
Our vision is a just world without poverty.
Tools and Principles of Strategic Planning:
SWOT Analysis
• S.W.O.T stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats.
• In the 1970s and 1980s, Public, Nonprofit, and Private organizations experienced rapid
social and economic changes.
• Social and political turbulence continued through the 1990s with war, economic crisis,
and political conflict causing uncertainty for Public and Nonprofit Organizations, as well
as Private Sector Organizations.
E.g., wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, terrorist attacks, increasing poverty, and
environmental risks from climate change, demanded that Public and Nonprofit
Organizations should adapt to changing circumstances in terms of public support and
financing
► Most critically, the rapid changes required organizations to plan “strategically” to ensure
that they could cope with the changes (Bryson, 2004: 6).
Strategic & Operational Planning for NGOs
Take home
Exams (IA) 1b)What are some of the environmental factors that can
impact on the Department’s development over the next one
year?