Department of Trade and Industry

CONSTRUCTION MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS
ENERGIES

Lock-Out / Tag-Out (LOTO) in

the Workplace
 Lock Out / Tag Out

• OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health

Association) requires all employer to comply
with an energy control program, including
training and inspection, to ensure that
machines that could unexpectedly start up or
become energized or release energy are
rendered safe before service and maintenance
is performed.
 Lock Out / Tag Out

• To be able to identify the relevant points of

lockout/tagout with reference to OSH standards
for electrical, mechanical, and piping system
work.
• To recognize the types of hazardous energies.
• To understand the application of lockout/tagout in
controlling hazardous energies.
 DOLE Provisions

RULE 1412.03: Electrical (OSHS)

Before During
construction construction

Barriers to
Prevent avoid contact/
electrocution or making
apparatus
electrically
dead
 DOLE Provisions

RULE 1412.04: Machine Guarding (OSHS)

All moving parts

of machinery

To prevent
Shall be physical contact
guarded with persons or
objects not part
of it
 DOLE Provisions

RULE 1412.08: Pipelines (OSHS)

Pipelines under
pressure

Release the pressure Blocked-off the line

pressure
Definitions…
LOCK OUT

 Lockout (LO): The

placement of a physical
restraining energy
isolating device, which
ensures that the system
cannot be operated or
cannot release a
hazardous energy.
Definitions…
TAG OUT
 Tag out (TO): The
placement of a warning/
identification tag on an
energy isolating device to
indicate that the system
must not be operated. It
also identifies the person
who applied the lock/tag,
and how to contact that
person.
Definitions…
 Authorized Employee

One who locks out machines or

equipment in order to perform
the servicing or maintenance on
that machine or equipment.
 Definitions…
 Affected Employee

One whose job requires him/her to

operate or use a machine or
equipment on which servicing or
maintenance is being performed
under lockout, or whose job
requires him/her to work in an area
in which such servicing or
maintenance is being performed.
Definitions…
 Energy Isolating Device -
A mechanical device that physically prevents the
transmission or release of energy.
Definitions…

 Energy Control Procedure -

Safety program adopted by the

employer that includes energy
control procedures plus provisions
for inspecting the procedures and
training employees for
lockout/tagout.
Hazardous Energy Sources Found in the
Workplace
Electrical: voltage, current, static electrical potentials

Chemical: reaction, fire, explosion

Mechanical: shearing, rolling, crushing, pinching

Thermal: hotter than 113°F/45°C, colder than 39°F/4°C

Potential or stored energy: batteries, springs,

capacitors

Other: laser, ionizing & non-ionizing radiation,

pneumatic, hydraulic, gravitational, pressure
What is a hazardous energy?

Any form of energy, in an

uncontrolled state, which
presents a POTENTIAL for
injury to person/s or damage to
property/ies.
 The “Fatal Five” Main Causes of Lock
Out/Tag Out Injuries
 Failure to stop equipment
 Failure to disconnect from power source

 Failure to dissipate (bleed,

neutralize) residual energy
 The “Fatal Five” Main Causes of Lock
Out/Tag Out Injuries
 Accidental restarting of equipment.

 Failure to clear work areas

before restarting
 Types of Locking / Tagging Devices
 Isolation Tag (hazardous energies)

Labeled lockout hasps

Wall switch lockout

Stop power
Types of Locking / Tagging Devices

Various Types of
Padlocks

Lockout Identifier
Labels
 Types of Locking / Tagging Devices

Transmission Line Tags

Hazardous Waste Tag
Types of Locking / Tagging Devices
 Types of Locking / Tagging Devices

Step 1: Step 2:
Verify circuit breaker is de-energized. Place Turn the toggle set screw knob and tighten
lockout device over breaker with the handle firmly against the breaker handle.
centered in lockout opening.

Step 3: Step 4:
Rotate and flip toggle set screw upwards. Install lock and tag and test for security. Verify
that the lockout device secures the disconnect in
a safe or off position.
 Situations Requiring Lock Out/Tag Out
• Servicing, maintaining, or repairing any equipment
where hazardous energies are present. (Moving
parts may create a safety hazard.)
• Working on pipe lines that carry hazardous
chemicals, in gas and liquid forms, which are high-
pressure, toxic, corrosive, etc.
• Working on electrical circuits and systems to prevent
the risk of electrical shock, flash, or blast.
• Working near other hazardous energies that could
result in the unintentional release of stored energy,
causing injury.
Equipment Lock Out/Tag Out
Equipment Lock Out/Tag Out
 Occasionally You May See a Yellow Tag
Without a Lock On a Piece of Equipment
That is Out of Service.

 This machine is Tagged Out

because it Will Not Run.

The Tag will tell you what is

wrong with the equipment.

 Never attempt to operate

equipment that has been tagged.
 Isolation Tag
 Isolation Tags should be attached to the
main isolating control switches or valves
in a position readily visible and should be
correctly completed to show:
 The reason for isolating the equipment
 The NAME (in block letters) of the person
placing the tag
 Authorized Person’s Department
 Authorized Person’s Signature
 Date
 Time (and whether AM or PM)
 The number of the associated Work Permit
 Piping System Lock Out/Tag Out
Valve Lockout Kits

Round Valve Lockout

Ball Valve Lockout

Valve Tag
 Electrical System Lock Out/Tag Out
Fuse block-out
devices

What A Typical Lockout/Tagout

Looks Like With a Personal
Protection Lock.
Electrical System Lock Out/Tag Out

Wall Switch Lockout

Cable Plug

Lock group lock box

Electrical System Lock Out/Tag Out

Circuit Breaker Lockout Kit

 General Rules

 LOTO is required when the work requires an

employee to place any part of his/her body into an
area where a danger zone exists.
 Only authorized persons are allowed to perform
LOTO.

 All systems containing hazardous energies must be

capable of accepting LOTO.

 A LOTO device may NOT be removed on behalf of

another person.
 LOTO System Rules

 Use only approved locks and tags.

 Use a tag (with all required

information) with a lock.

 LOTO devices shall not be used for

any purpose other than controlling
hazardous energies.

 Do not remove someone else’s lock

or tag.
 LOTO System Rules

Energy Control Point

Definition: The single point at which
hazardous energy flow can be
effectively and positively blocked so
that it can no longer cause injury or
loss of resources.

 Locks and/or tagout devices must be attached to

the energy control point in the off position.

 There may be multiple energy control points that

affect work in a danger zone.
 LOTO System Rules

 Each point must be identified and controlled.

 Use a multiple lockout hasp or lock box if more

than one employee needs to lock out. All
personnel exposed to potential danger zones shall
apply their own LOTO device.

 Use locks in which only ONE key exists.

 Locks must be a true isolation without possible

override.
 Lock Out Procedure
 Alert the operator (s) that power is
being disconnected.
 Preparation for Shutdown
 Equipment Shutdown
 Equipment Isolation

 Application of Lockout Devices

 Control of Stored Energy
 Equipment Isolation-Verification
 Removal of Lock Out
 Ensure equipment is safe to operate.

 Safeguard all employees.

 Remove lockout/tagout devices. Except in

emergencies, each device must be removed
by the person who put it on.
 Last person to take off lock.

 Follow checklist.
 Temporarily Removing Lock Outs

 Remove unnecessary tools from the work

area and make sure everyone is clear of
the equipment.

 Remove lockout/tagout devices and re-

energize the system.

 As soon as the energy is no longer needed, isolate

the equipment and re-apply lockout/tagout.
 Special Situations

Abandoned locks

Multiple workers

Lock boxes

Change of shift
 Abandoned Locks
The lock may not be cut until:

 All forms of hazardous energy are

identified to be at zero hazardous energy
level.

 The Abandoned Lock Removal Form has

been completed and procedures followed.

 The employee (or his/her immediate

supervisor) has been informed that the lock
has been removed.
 Multiple Workers

 Always use a multi-lock hasp and/or lock box.

 Never remove anyone else’s lock and tag.

 Never rely on anyone else’s lock and tag.

 Each lock will have a single key and the key

must be held by the person who applied the
lock.
 Lock Boxes

The Tool Owner, Project Manager, or person

supervising the lockout must:

Apply a lock and tag to each hazardous

energy control point.
Place the key(s) of the lock(s) in a lock
box.
Affix his/her own lock and tag to the lock
box.
 Lock Boxes

The authorized employees working on the locked

system must:

 Place their lock keys in the lock box prior to beginning

work.
 Verify that the systems they are working on are de-
energized and that the lock is on the correct isolation
device.
 Remove lock and tag when they have completed their
work.
 Stop work and inform the person supervising the task of
start and stop times as well as any issues found.
 Change of Shift

If work is extended beyond one shift, or a relief

person is needed to complete the work, a handoff
must be coordinated between both parties.
 Both parties must be in attendance.
 The new shift worker must secure the source or
lockout point with his/her own lock and tag.
 The current shift worker must remove his/her
own lock and tag.
 Keys shall never be exchanged or passed
between employees.
 Additional Info…

 Never attempt lockout/tagout procedures

unless you have been trained and certified
by your employer under an approved
Energy Control Program.

 Never loan or share your lock, combination, or

key with anybody else.

 Always be sure all lockout/tagout devices are

compatible with the environment in which they
will be used i.e. corrosive, humid, etc.
 THE END

Any Questions?