Finding Molar Mass from

Boiling Point Elevation

and Freezing Point
Depression
Learning Competencies
1. Determine the molar mass of a
solute from the change of boiling point
and freezing point of a
solution(STEM_GC11PP-IIId-f-121)
 TARGET
1. Recall the effect of solute to the boiling point and
freezing point of a solution.
2. Give the formula in finding the molar mass of the
unknown solute from the boiling point and freezing
point data
3. Calculate the molar mass of a solute from the change
of boiling point and freezing point of a solution.
 Word Study
1. Molecular weight - also called molecular mass or molar mass, mass of a
molecule of a substance. It is calculated in practice by summing the atomic
weights of the atoms making up the substance's molecular formula.
2. Non volatile solute – substance that does not readily evaporate into
gas under existing conditions
3. Colligative properties - the physical changes that result from adding solute to
a solvent. Examples are: boiling point elevation, freezing point depression,
osmotic pressure, and vapor pressure lowering.
What happens to solvent when solute is added?
What happens to the
boiling point after
solute was added to
the solvent?
What happens to
the freezing point
after solute was
added to the
solvent?
 The Application of Colligative Properties
 Colligative properties are those properties that undergo changes due
to the addition of solutes to a solvent. These properties are dependent
on the number of solutes of added, not on their identity.

 Since these properties yield information on the number of solute

particles in solution, then it can be use to obtain the molecular
weight of the solute.
Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point elevation is the amount by which the
boiling point temperature of a solvent is raised
It is the difference between the boiling point of a solution
and the boiling point of pure solvent.
Formula for Boiling Point Elevation

BP Elevation (Δ T b ) = BP solution (T b ) - BP solvent (T b ‘)

Δ T b = T b - T b‘

BP solution (T b ) = BP solvent (T b ‘) + BP Elevation (Δ T b )

T b = T b’ + ΔT b
Freezing Point Depression
 Freezing point depression is the phenomena that describes
the lowering of the freezing point of the solvent as a result
of adding a non volatile solute to a solvent.

 Itis the difference between the freezing point of a pure

solvent and the freezing point of solution
Formula for Freezing point Depression
FP Depression (Δ T f ) = FP solvent (T f ‘) - FP solution (T f )
Δ T f = T f‘ - T f

FP solution (T f ) = FP solvent (T f ‘) - FP Depression (Δ T f)

T f = T f’ - Δ T f
Boiling Point Elevation Calculations
When particles dissolve in water the boiling point of the
solution increases. This is known as boiling point elevation
and can be calculated using the formula below
ΔTb=Kbm
 Where:
Δ T b = change in boiling point (unit in ⁰C)
K b = Boiling point constant (⁰C/m)
m = molality of solution (m)
Freezing Point Depression Calculations
Freezing-point depression is the decrease of the freezing
point of a solvent on the addition of a non-volatile solute
and can be calculated using the formula below
ΔTf=Kfm
 Where:
Δ T f = change in fr point (unit in ⁰C)
K f = freezing point depression constant (⁰C/m)
m = molality of solution (m)
Note: K f varies depending on the solvent
Molal Freezing Point and Boiling Point Constant
Q1. Calculate the boiling point of
a solution containing 3.5 g sugar
(molar mass = 342 g/mol)
dissolved in 150 g of water.
1. Calculate the boiling point of a solution containing 3.5 g sugar (molar mass = 342
g/mol) dissolved in 150 g of water. K b (H₂O) = 0.51 °C/m

Given: Find:

Solution:
Step 1: Find m

Step 2: Solve ΔTb

Step 3: Solve for the boiling point of Solution

Problem #1
GIVEN: FIND: Boiling point of solution , T b
mass of solute = 3.5 g sugar
molar mass = 342 g/mol
VH₂0= 150 g = 0.15Kg

SOLUTIONS:
Step 1: Find m
Molality( m ) = mol solute / kg of solvent mol solute = 3.5g/342g/mol / 0.15 Kg = 0. 068 m

Step 2: Solve for Boiling point of elevation

ΔT b=Kbm = 0.51 °C/m x .068 m = 0.035 °C

Step 3: Solve for the boiling point of Solution

Boiling point of elevation (Δ T b ) = Boiling point of solution (T b ) - Boiling point of solvent (T b⁰)
Boiling point of solution (T b ) = Boiling point of solvent (T b⁰ ) + Boiling point of elevation (Δ T b )

T b = T b⁰ + Δ T b

Tb = 100 °C + .035 °C
T b = 100.035 °C
2. What is the molality of a
solution dissolved in chloroform
(CHCl₃) that boils at 62.8 °C?
BP(CHCl₃) = 61.2 °C, Kb(CHCl₃) = 3.63
°C/m
2. What is the molality of a solution dissolved in chloroform
(CHCl₃) that boils at 62.8 °C? BP(CHCl₃) = 61.2 °C, Kb(CHCl₃) = 3.63 °C/m
Given: Find:

Kb(CHCl₃) = 3.63 °C/m

Solution:
Step 1: Solve ΔTb
Step 2: Solve for molality
Q2
 What is the molality of a solution dissolved in chloroform that boils at 62.8 °C?
Boiling point Chloroform = 61.2 °C
Kb(chloroform)= 3.63 °C/m
 Given: Find: m
 Tb = 62.8 deg
 Kb = 3.63 °C/m

 Step 1: Solve ΔTb

 ΔTb = boiling point of solution – boiling point of chloroform
= 62.8 deg C – 61.2 deg C = 1.6 deg C
 Step 2: Solve for molality

ΔTb = Kb m, = 0.44 m
1.6 deg C = 3.63 °C/m x m
m = 0.441 molal
 Q3
What is the freezing point depression when 155
g of iodine (I₂) crystal is added to 1200 g of
Benzene (C6H6)? MW (I₂) = 253.8g/mol
Kf (C6H6) = 5.12 °C/m, FP (C6H6) = 5.51°C

Step 1: Solve for m of Benzene (C6H6)

Step 2: Solve for freezing point depression
Seatwork
Calculate the freezing point and boiling
point of a solution prepared by mixing
6.00 g of C6H12O6 with 35.0 g of H20.
 
Given :
Mass C₆H₁₂O₆ = 6.00 g Mass H₂0 = 35.0 g
 Find: T f and T b of Solution

 SOLUTION:

1. Solve for m 3. Solve for T f &Tb

m = mole solute/ Kg solvent T f = T f⁰ - Δ T f = -1.77
deg C
= 6g/180g/mol/.035Kg T b = T b⁰ + Δ T b = 100.49 deg C

= .033mol/.035 kg =0.95m
2. Solve for Δ T b & Δ T f
Δ T b = K b m = 0.49 deg C Δ T f = K f m = 1.77 deg C
4. What is the molecular mass of an organic compound if 16.00g of the compound is
dissolved in 22.0 g of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) raising the Boiling point to 85.36 °C?
Boiling point of CCl₄ is 76.72 °C, K b for CCl₄ = 5.03 °C/m.

 Given: Find:

 Solution:
 4. What is the molecular mass of an organic compound if 16.00g of the compound is
dissolved in 225.0 g of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) raising the Boiling point to 85.36
°C? Boiling point of CCl₄ is 76.72 °C, K b for CCl₄ = 5.03 °C/m.

 Given: Find:

 Solution:
Step 1. Solve for Δ T b = 8.64 deg C
Step 2. Solve for m = 1.72 m
Step 3. Solve for moles of unknown organic compound, m = mol solute/ Kg CCl₄ = 0.387 mol
Step 4. Solve for molar mass = n = wt solute/mWsolute = 41.39 g/mol or 41.4 g/mol
Determination of a Molar Mass from a
Freezing Point Depression

Question : A solution of 4.00 g of a

nonelectrolyte dissolved in 55.0 g of
benzene is found to freeze at 2.32 °C.
What is the molar mass of this compound?
Determination of a Molar Mass from a Freezing Point Depression
 Determining Molar Mass
We can use a measurement of any one of the following properties to determine the molar mass (molecular
weight) of an unknown that is the solute in a solution:
• Boiling Point Elevation
• Freezing Point Depression

https://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/howtosolveit/Solutions/determinemolarmass.html
5. To make a solution, 38.7 g of a nonelectrolyte is
dissolved into 218 g of water. The freezing point of
the solution is measured to be -5.53°C. Calculate
the molar mass of the solute. C₆H₆

 Step 1: List the known quantities and plan the problem.

 Step 2: Solve.
5. A solution is made by dissolving 34.41 g of an
unknown nonelectrolyte compound in 280.0 g
benzene. The boiling point of the solution is 93.2 °C.
Benzene has a boiling point of 80.1 °C and molal
boiling-point elevation constant of 2.53 °C/m. What
is the molar mass of the solute?
https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-chemistry-flexbook-2.0/section/16.17/primary/lesson/calculating-
molar-mass-chem
6. A solution of 4.00 g of a nonelectrolyte dissolved
in 55.0 g of benzene is found to freeze at 2.32 °C.
What is the molar mass of this compound?