TORSION

LECTURE # 7

By

Dr S Basack
PhD, MIGS, MISRMTT, CE

Associate Professor of Applied Mechanics

Bengal Engineering and Science University
Shibpur, Howrah

Theory of Elasticity:
Mechanics of Solids
Department of Applied Mechanics
BESU, Howrah
September 2013
 WARPING

Basic assumption: Plane

sections remain plane
after twist

In reality, plane sections does

not necessarily remain plane
after twist
 SAINT-VENANT'S SOLUTION
Assumptions:

o Deformation at any point in the shaft comprises of two components: one for
the twist and the other for the warping.

o For all cross sections of the shaft, warping is identical.

Z Y

v
A’ u
A
A (x, y, z) θz X
Y O
u = - θzx
v = + θzy
w = θ ψ (x, y)
O X
STRESS AND STRAIN COMPONENTS

On lateral surface, n=0

And
 xz  yz  z No boundary forces
  0
x y z

dy
X ds
τyz dx

τxz
 Alternative Procedure

 x  xy  xz 
    
 xy y  yz   X b Yb Zb  0
x y z 
 xz  yx  z 

 Z

τyz l = m = 0 and n = 1
dy τxz
Y
dx
y
X
x

O X
ELLIPTICAL CROSS SECTION
Y x2/a2 + y2/b2 - 1 = 0

Let, Φ = k (x2/a2 + y2/b2 - 1)

where, k is a constant

O X
b
a
 2T
Aa

Integrating

2T 2T 2T
 max  
Ab Ab ab 2
 MEMBRANE ANALOGY S
S
dx
x
q
θ = (q/S)/(2G)

z
S
Volume within the
membrane = T/2 Y

Stress function Φ =
Deflection of the
membrane z
dy

y dx
X
x
Y
T

β N

B α
dn
β dy
α
X dx
THIN RECTANGULAR CROSS SECTION
Y
q
s s X

c
b

X
c
RECTANGULAR CROSS SECTION
Y

X
2b

b>a

2a

1. Deflection is symmetrical about X axis

2. At y = + b, deflection = 0
 TOPICS OF PRESENTATION
1. Introduction to stress, strain, elasticity, plane stress and plane strain
2. Principal strains in 2D and measurement of strains
3. Equations of equilibrium, boundary and compatibility in 2D and stress function
4. Equations of equilibrium and compatibility in 2D: polar coordinates
5. 2D strains and displacements: polar coordinates
6. Principal stresses in 3D
7. Maximum shear stress in 3D
8. Equations of equilibrium, boundary and compatibility in 3D
9. Stresses and displacements of prismatic bars under pure bending
10. Torsion: Saint Venant’s solution --- Application
11. Torsion: Membrane analogy --- Application

Time: 15 minutes and 5 minutes discussions