Introduction

We are very much familiar with the word pollution. As we all know that we the
human beings have polluted the Earth a lot.
There a million kinds of pollution.
Some of them are namely:- Air Pollution, Noise pollution, Water Pollution, Land
Pollution, Pollution by Radiation etc.

Today in this presentation I will try to explain pollution and

it’s types in brief. I will also try to explain Pollution due to radiation and its causes
and most known examples of this pollution and there effects on people’s life in
detail and will also tell the steps that we should undertake to stop these types of
pollution.
 What is pollution ?
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form
of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy(such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants, the components, can be
either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants.

Although environmental pollution can be caused by natural events, the word pollution generally implies that contaminant have an
anthropogenic source – that is, a source created by human activities, such as manufacturing, extractive industries, poor waste
management, transportation or agriculture. Pollution is often classed as point source(coming from a highly concentrated specific
site), or nonpoint source pollution (coming from a widespread distributed sources, such as microplastics or agricultural runoff).

Pollution has widespread consequences on human and environmental health, having systematic impact on social and economic
systems. In 2019, pollution killed nine million people worldwide (one in six deaths), a number unchanged since 2015. Air
pollution accounted for 3⁄4 of these earlier deaths. A 2022 literature review found that levels of anthropogenic chemical pollution
have exceeded planetary boundaries and now threaten entire ecosystems around the world. Pollutants frequently have outsized
impacts on vulnerable populations, such as children and the elderly, and marginalized communities, because polluting industries
and toxic waste sites tend to be collocated with populations with less economic and political power. This outsized impact is a core
reason for the formation of the environmental justice movement, and continues to be a core element of environmental conflicts,
particularly in the Global South.
Types of pollution
 WHAT IS RADIATION ?

.Radiation is energy that moves from one place to another in a form that
can be described as waves or particles. We are exposed to radiation in
our everyday life. Some of the most familiar sources of radiation include
the sun, microwave ovens in our kitchens and the radios we listen to in
our cars. Most of this radiation carries no risk to our health. But some
does. In general, radiation has lower risk at lower doses but can be
associated with higher risks at higher doses. Depending on the type of
radiation, different measures must be taken to protect our bodies and the
environment from its effects, while allowing us to benefit from its many
applications
 two Types of radiation
Non-ionizing radiation
Non-ionizing radiation is lower energy radiation that is not energetic enough to detach electrons from atoms or molecules,
whether in matter or living organisms. However, its energy can make those molecules vibrate and so produce heat. This is, for
instance, how microwave ovens work.
For most people, non-ionizing radiation does not pose a risk to their health. However, workers that are in regular contact with
some sources of non-ionizing radiation may need special measures to protect themselves from, for example, the heat produced.
Some other examples of non-ionizing radiation include the radio waves and visible light. The visible light is a type of non-
ionizing radiation that the human eye can perceive. And the radio waves are a type of non-ionizing radiation that is invisible to
our eyes and other senses, but that can be decoded by traditional radios.
Ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation is a type of radiation of such energy that it can detach electrons from atoms or molecules, which causes
changes at the atomic level when interacting with matter including living organisms. Such changes usually involve the
production of ions (electrically charged atoms or molecules) – hence the term “ionizing” radiation.
In high doses, ionizing radiation can damage cells or organs in our bodies or even cause death. In the correct uses and doses and
with the necessary protective measures, this kind of radiation has many beneficial uses, such as in energy production, in industry,
in research and in medical diagnostics and treatment of various diseases, such as cancer. While regulation of use of sources of
radiation and radiation protection are national responsibility, the IAEA provides support to lawmakers and regulators through a
comprehensive system of international safety standards aiming to protect workers and patients as well as members of the public
and the environment from the potential harmful effects of ionizing radiation.
 HOW IS THE POLLUTION DUE TO RADIOACTIVE CAUSED?

Radioactive pollution is caused by the

unmitigated release of radioactive elements and
waste into the land, water, air, or nearby living
organisms. These radioactive materials then
release ionizing radiation which pollutes and
contaminates its surroundings
 WHAT ARE RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION CAUSES AND THE
EFFECTS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE?
Radioactive contamination occurs when objects are exposed to ionizing
radiation from radioactive releases.

Radiation exposure almost always has negative consequences. However,

the severity of the effects will depend on various factors such as level of
radiation exposure, and the proximity to radiation exposure, and the
sensitivity of each individual or object to radiation exposure. In
particular, the level of radiation exposure is a crucial factor in
determining these effects. Controlled or low levels of radiation exposure
such as sunlight, medical X-rays, or radiotherapy do not often result in
adverse effects.
HOW CAN WE PREVENT POLLUTION BY RADIATION?

The most effective way of preventing radioactive pollution is by removing all artificial causatives. This means indefinitely getting
rid of nuclear weapons, nuclear research and test facilities, nuclear power plants, and uranium mines. However, a total ban might
be difficult to achieve. Therefore, other ways of prevention will have to suffice in the medium term. These include:-
 Efficient treatment of radiation waste into it’s background values, which have low radiation.
 Isolating radiation waste from populated areas, water sources, and usable land.
 Containing radiation waste in radiation-shielding containers made of lead. These containers should then be buried in isolated
locations underground.
Thank You

Submitted by:-Shaurya Yadav

Submitted To:- Kanika Sharma Ma’am