Effects of various types of pollution.

ROBIN BANSAL
CLASS X-B
ROLL NO. 29
BIOLOGY PPT.
EFFECTS OF VARIOUS
TYPES OF POLLUTION.
 CONTENTS
What is pollution and pollutants?

Different types of pollution.

Effects of different types of pollution.

 What is pollution and pollutants?

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into

the natural environment that cause adverse change.
Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or
gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or
light). All this is mainly caused by human activities which
harm the environment in ways more than one. A substance
released into the environment due to natural or human
activity which adversely affects the environment is called
pollutant. e.g. sulphur -dioxide, carbon-monoxide, lead,
mercury, etc.
 Different types of pollution.
•AIR POLLUTION

Air pollution refers to any physical,

chemical or biological change in the air.
It is the contamination of air by harmful
gases, dust and smoke which affects
plants, animals and humans drastically.
There is a certain percentage of gases
present in the atmosphere. An increase
or decrease in the composition of these
gases is harmful to survival. This
imbalance in the gaseous composition
has resulted in an increase in earth’s
temperature, which is known as global
warming.
 AIR POLLUTION BY VEHICLES

AIR POLLUTION
BY BURNING
PLASTIC.
 Effects of air pollution.
The hazardous effects of air pollution on the environment include:
Diseases
Air pollution has resulted in several respiratory disorders and heart
diseases among humans. The cases of lung cancer have increased in
the last few decades. Children living near polluted areas are more
prone to pneumonia and asthma. Many people die every year due to
the direct or indirect effects of air pollution.
Global Warming
Due to the emission of greenhouse gases, there is an imbalance in the
gaseous composition of the air. This has led to an increase in the
temperature of the earth. This increase in earth’s temperature is known
as global warming. This has resulted in the melting of glaciers and an
increase in sea levels. Many areas are submerged underwater.
Acid Rain
The burning of fossil fuels releases harmful gases such as nitrogen
oxides and sulphur oxides in the air. The water droplets combine with
these pollutants, become acidic and fall as acid rain which damages
human, animal and plant life.

Ozone Layer Depletion

The release of chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons in the

atmosphere is the major cause of depletion of the ozone layer. The
depleting ozone layer does not prevent the harmful ultraviolet rays
coming from the sun and causes skin diseases and eye problems
among individuals.

Effect on Animals
The air pollutants suspend in the water bodies and affect aquatic life.
Pollution also compels the animals to leave their habitat and shift to a
new place. This renders them stray and has also led to the extinction
.
of a large number of animal species.
• WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution, the release of
substances into
subsurface groundwater or into lakes,
streams, rivers, estuaries and oceans to
the point that the substances interfere
with beneficial use of the water or
with the natural functioning
of ecosystems.Water bodies can be
polluted by a wide variety of
substances, including pathogenic
microorganisms, putrescible organic
waste, fertilizers and plant nutrients,
toxic chemicals,
sediments, heat, petroleum (oil),
and radioactive substances.
 Effects of water pollution.
•Water pollution drastically affects human health; in fact, it can
kill. In 2015 alone, a study revealed that waterborne illnesses
caused 1.8 million deaths worldwide.

•It can cause contamination of drinking water – thereby

contributing to waterborne illnesses.

•Water pollution also affects the ecosystem – it can cause a

phenomenon called eutrophication This can cause fish and
other aquatic organisms to die.

•Toxic elements dissolved in water can make their way to

.
humans through fish or other aquatic organisms.
•Water pollution also leaches chemicals into the soil that may
impact the growth of plants or other food crops.
.
•In humans, drinking or consuming polluted water in any way
has many disastrous effects on our health. It causes typhoid,
cholera, hepatitis and various other diseases.

•Disruption in food chains happens when toxins and pollutants

in the water are consumed by aquatic animals (fish, shellfish
etc) which are then consumed by humans.

•Ecosystems are extremely dynamic and respond to even small

changes in the environment. Water pollution can cause an entire
ecosystem to collapse if left unchecked.
 •Soil pollution.
Soil pollution refers to
the contamination of soil with
anomalous concentrations of toxic
substances. It is a serious
environmental concern since it
harbours many health hazards. For
example, exposure to soil containing
high concentrations of benzene
increases the risk of contracting
leukaemia.
Activities such as stock breeding and
intensive farming use chemicals,
pesticides and fertilisers that pollute
the land, just as happens with heavy
metals and other natural and man-
 FERTILIZERS
CONTAMINATING
SOIL.

RESIDUAL SOIL
CONTAMINATION
DURING
LANDFILLS USAGE.
 Effects of soil pollution.
Soil contaminants can exist in all three phases (solid, liquid, and
gaseous). Therefore, these contaminants can find their way into the
human body via several channels such as direct contact with the skin or
through the inhalation of contaminated soil dust.
The short term effects of human exposure to polluted soil include:-
•Headaches, nausea, and vomiting.
•Coughing, pain in the chest, and wheezing.
•Irritation of the skin and the eyes.
•Fatigue and weakness.

Since soil pollution is often accompanied by a decrease in the

availability of nutrients, plant life ceases to thrive in such soils.
Soils contaminated with inorganic aluminium can prove toxic
to plants. Also, this type of pollution often increases the salinity
of the soil, making it inhospitable for the growth of plant life.
Acidic
.
soils are inhospitable to several microorganisms
that improve soil texture and help in the decomposition of
organic matter. Thus, the negative effects of soil pollution
also impact soil quality and texture.

Since the volatile contaminants in the soil can be

carried away into the atmosphere by winds or can
seep into underground water reserves, soil
pollution can be a direct contributor to air
and water pollution.
 •Noise pollution.
The word noise is derived from the
Latin word ‘Nausea’, which means
sickness in which one feels the need
to vomit. Noise is the unpleasant and
undesirable sound which leads to
discomfort in human beings. The
intensity of sound is measured in
decibels (dB). The faintest sound
that the human ear can hear is 1 Db.
Due to increasing noise around the
civilizations, noise pollution has
become a matter of concern. Some of
its major causes are vehicles, aircraft,
industrial machines, loudspeakers,
crackers, etc. When used at high
volume, some other appliances also
contribute to noise pollution, like
television, transistor, radio, etc.
 NOISE
POLLUTION
FROM MOTOR
VEHICLES.

NOISE POLLUTION
FROM LOUD
SPEAKERS.
Effects of noise pollution.
Noise pollution can be hazardous to human health in the following
ways:

•Hypertension: It is a direct result of noise pollution which is caused

due to elevated blood levels for a longer duration.

•Hearing loss: Constant exposure of human ears to loud noise that

are beyond the range of sound that human ears can withstand
damages the eardrums, resulting in loss of hearing.

•Sleeping disorders: Lack of sleep might result in fatigue and low

energy level throughout the day affecting everyday activities. Noise
pollution hampers the sleep cycles leading to irritation and an
uncomfortable state of mind.
•Cardiovascular issues: Heart-related problems such as blood
pressure level, stress and cardiovascular diseases might come up
in a normal person and a person suffering from any of these
.
diseases might feel a sudden shoot up in the level.

• Inaddition to causing hearing loss, excessive noise exposure can

raise blood pressure and pulse rates, cause irritability, anxiety, and
mental fatigue, and interfere with sleep, recreation, and personal
communication. Children living in areas with high levels of noise
pollution may suffer from stress and other problems, such as
impairments in memory and attention span.
 •RADIATION POLLUTION
Radioactive or radiation
pollution is defined as the
deposition or introduction of
radioactive substances into
the environment, where their
presence is unintended, or
the levels of radioactivity are
undesirable. Such type of
pollution is harmful to life
due to the emission of
ionizing radiation. This type
of radiation is potent enough
to cause damage
to tissues and DNA .
 RADIATION
POLLUTION FROM
NUCLEAR POWER
PLANT.

WASTE FROM
RADIOACTIVE
POWER PLANTS
 EFFECTS OF RADIATION POLLUTION.

When speaking of genetics, radiation is known to pose a wide

spectrum of detrimental consequences. Radioactive pollution causes
damage to DNA strands, which (over moderately long durations of
time) can lead to some forms of genetic breakup. Based on the
amount of radiation that the organism has been exposed to and the
type of the radiation, the extent of the genetic mutation, which can
lead to changes in the DNA composition, is known to vary. In the
case that a person or some other organism is exposed to a large
amount of atmospheric radiation, the radiation will be absorbed by
their bodies. This radiation will stay active once it is inside the body
because energy can’t be destroyed. The resulting genetic mutation
will make the person or the organism highly susceptible to different
forms of cancer. Another important effect of radioactive pollution
on organisms is infertility.
.

END OF PPT.
THANKYOU