REENGINEERING LOCAL

GOVERNMENTS AND NGO’S

PA 7 0 3 - T H E O R I E S , C O N C E P T S A N D P R I N C I P L E S I N
A D M I N I S T R AT I V E S Y S T E M

B Y: G I N A M AY T. D A U L
 REENGINEERING LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS AND NGO’S
• A. Rational for Local Government’s Existence
• B. Creation, nature and structures of Local Government
• C. Decentralization, Devolution and De-concentration
• D. NGO'S, POs and voluntary Groups for good
governance
• E. Types (roles) of NGO's in the Philippines
• F. Reengineering Local Governments by contracting out
services
• G. Reengineering the Public Sector
• H. Nature and Trust of Public Policy
• I. Policy making process
 NGO‘s, PO’s and Voluntary Groups for Good
Governance

The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines

• Article II, Section 23; Article XIII, Section 15; and Article
XIII, Section 16 - institutionalize the role of Non-Government
Organizations (NGOs) and People‟s Organizations (POs) in the
development of the country.
• Republic Act 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government
Code (LGC) of 1991, - established a role for “people power” at
the local level (provincial, city, municipal, and barangay levels. )
• Sections 34 and 35 - mandate the participation of NGOs and
POs in the decision-making processes, delivery of certain basic
services, capability-building and livelihood projects.
• Participatory governance,
which in recent years has been
increasingly associated with
decentralization, has now
become not only a trend but an
imperative for local
governments to pursue
development. (
www.urbangov.wordpress.com
, July 2010)
EVOLUTION OF NGOs

• - organization with a public interest orientation (as opposed,

for example, to a trade union or a cooperative, which provides
services limited to its members (Dannug, 2005)
• - are non-profit organizations backed by a group of volunteers
organized at regional, local or international levels
• - part of civil society
• Private voluntary organizations, nonprofit organizations or
voluntary development organizations.
 : AN OVERVIEW

• The basis for civil society in the Philippines comes from the
Filipino concepts of pakikipagkapwa and kapwa.

• embodied in the terms damayan and pagtutulungan

• The Western notion of kawanggawa


• AMERICAN COLONIAL
• SPANISH COLONIAL
PERIOD
• The Roman Catholic
Church and the religious
orders established the
first welfare organizations
in the Philippines.
• Parochial Schools,
orphanage and hospitals
• Established cofradias
(brotherhoods)
: AN OVERVIEW
GOVERNMENT
• Delineated the boundaries
between state provision of public
goods, religious philanthropy,
and private philanthropy
• The Philippine Corporation Law
of 1906 recognized the right to
create private nonprofit
organizations.
• American Red Cross
• Anti-Tuberculosis Society
• American Methodist and Protestant
Churches
• School and Hospitals
 CIVIL SOCIETY: AN OVERVIEW

• Then-President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law in

1972 when there was little space for civil society and almost
no tolerance for advocacy nongovernment organizations
(NGOs) during his rule. In areas where the government
bureaucracy could not deliver necessary social services, other
development stakeholders, particularly NGOs, had to step into
that role.
 CIVIL SOCIETY: AN OVERVIEW

• President Corazon Aquino restored democracy to the

Philippines, and several pieces of legislation favorable to civil
society’s development were passed soon after, including the
Cooperative Code of 1990 and the Women in Development
and Nation Building Act of 1992.
• Government line agencies opened NGO liaison offices, and
NGOs were permitted to negotiate directly with bilateral
funding institutions for financing.
 CSO ACTIVITIES

• CSOs in the Philippines engage in a broad range of activities,

the most common being in:
• (i) education, training, and human resource development;
• (ii) community development;
• (iii) enterprise development and employment generation;
• (iv) health and nutrition;
• (v) law, advocacy, and politics; and
• (vi) sustainable development.
 CIVIL SOCIETY DIRECTORIES

• (DSWD)Department of Social Welfare Development – directory

of CSO’s with valid reg, license to operate & accreditation as
social welfare and devl’t agencies.
• (DOLE) Department of Labor and Employment – registers labor
unions, federations, rural workers associations.
• SEC Securities and Exchange Commission – Many CSO’s
registered by SEC.
• CDA – Cooperative Development Authority (RA9520 –
Agriculture, Small Scale Mining, Labor Service and Practice of
Professional..)
• (DHSUD) Department of Human Settlements and Urban
Development – is the central housing authority in the Philippines.
 NGO PRINCIPLES, MANDATES AND
STANDARDS
• The large number of NGOs has given rise to concerns about
the ability of the government to regulate all these
organizations and to ensure that resources channeled to them
are actually being used for their declared goals and objectives.
• CODE-NGO’s Code of Conduct for Development NGOs -
is a manifestation of the CSO community’s commitment to
promote professionalism and accountability in its operations.
THE IMPACT AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF NGOS
AND POS IN LOCAL GOVERNANCE

• According to LogoLink research on Legal Frameworks for Citizen

Participation Southeast Asia Regional Report, Philippines has the
strongest, most dynamic, and most organizationally elaborate
civil society in Southeast Asia. It has strong social movements,
and NGOs to service social movement needs.
THE IMPACT AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF NGOS
AND POS IN LOCAL GOVERNANCE

• Local Government Code (LGC) in 1991

• NGOs and POs to actively participate in governance, such
organizations are represented in Local Special Bodies (LSB),
primarily but not limited to the Local Development Council
(LDC), the Local School Board (LSB), the Local Health
Board (LHB), the Pre-qualification Bids and Awards
Committee (PBAC), and the Local Peace and Order
Council (LPOC).
• Meanwhile, they are represented also in non-mandated but
Code-inspired LSBs which include Agrarian Reform
Councils, and Fisheries and Aquatic Reform Councils.
THE IMPACT AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF NGOS
AND POS IN LOCAL GOVERNANCE

• NGOs and POs - can participate directly in governance

through local government units, national policy and planning
agencies, government line agencies, and sectoral
representation in Congress.
• NGOs and POs - performed a broad range of functions from
local service delivery to program development and
management, and even policy formulation according to the
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
(FAO).
THE IMPACT AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF NGOS
AND POS IN LOCAL GOVERNANCE

• NGOs and POs participate in mandatory consultations and

public hearings where they help apprise National Government
Agencies (NGA) and Government-Owned and Controlled
Corporations (GOCC) of local sentiments.

• NGOs and POs participate in a system of recall.

THE IMPACT AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF NGOS
AND POS IN LOCAL GOVERNANCE

• NGOs and POs are expected to participate in selecting and

handling sectoral representatives to local Sanggunians from
labor (industrial or agricultural), women, and one
representative from either the urban poor, indigenous peoples,
or the differently-abled.
• NGOs and POs also perform a broad range of functions from
local service delivery to program development and
management, and even policy formulation according to the
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
(FAO).
THE IMPACT AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF NGOS
AND POS IN LOCAL GOVERNANCE

• People's Agricultural and Enterprise Development Advisory

Board (PAEDAB) - Enterprises Development in MAKILALA,
North Cotabato - a comprehensive development plan
promoting agricultural enterprises was made through
initiatives of the Makilala Municipal Government.
REENGINEERING LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS PROCESS
Process Re-engineering in the Context of the Public Sector

• Hammer & Champy, considered to be the fathers of Business

Process Re-engineering (BPR), defined it as "The
fundamental re-thinking and radical design of business
processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical,
contemporary measures of performance.“
• The term Government Process Re-engineering or GPR
applies the principles of BPR to governments, municipalities,
or administrative departments.
Government Process Re-engineering (GPR) Improves Performance

• Public sector departments and institutions have considerable

differences in processes and workflows from those of private
organizations.
• GPR delivers overall improvements in institutional or
departmental performance while reducing the cost of service
delivery.
• Delivering online services—what we now call e-Governance
requires comprehensive re-engineering of traditional processes
and workflows that government bodies followed for years.
 USE OF ALTERNATIVE MECHANISM
FOR SERVICE DELIVERY
• The private sector including the NGOs are considered as the
partners of government in pushing its development agenda and
in implementing the same, particularly with regard to social
service delivery and in the economic and trade enterprises.
 USE OF ALTERNATIVE MECHANISM
FOR SERVICE DELIVERY
• AQUINO Administration – recognized the need for
privatization in the economy and the decentralization of
powers through expanded participation of the NGOs and other
people’s organizations.
• The inadequacy and to certain extent, the ineffectiveness of
government in delivering basic services to the people have
altogether led to the opening of services delivery function to
NGOs and Pos.
Government Processes: Understanding The Need For Change

• Taxpayers want immediate access to public information and

get their service requests processed online, on-demand, with
real-time status updates.
• Business owners want their permit requests or business
licensing documentation addressed in the blink of an eye.
• With the emergence of e-Governance and the new normal, it is
essential to review and re-engineer government processes to
make them more efficient and effective.
• SERVICES have been
contracted out by the
government to the private
sector for more
EFFECTIVENESS and
BETTER RESULT
(Reformina, n.p)
• NGOs and POs have significantly impacted governance and
made contributions. They have provided development-critical
services like welfare, infrastructure, environmental
preservation, capacity building, and empowerment of people;
• And more importantly, they have fastened the gap – despite
the many setbacks – that fed the
dichotomy of government and private relationship in
development.
THANK YOU!
 REFERENCES:

• Dannug, Roman (2006). Politics and governance.

• De Guzman, Raul and Reformina, Mila (1996). Management innovation for improving governance: Changes, trends in
Public Administration in the Philippines.
• Gultiano, Ernie (2010). Participatory governance: the participation of non-government organizations and people’s
organizations in local government units.
• Legal Frameworks for Citizen Participation Southeast Asia Regional Report by Joel Rocamora IPD, Legal and
Policy Frameworks for 'Participation' in Southeast Asia, LogoLink Research, March 2003.
• Local Government Code of the Philippines, October 1991.