BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS)

CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION (CPR)

Cardiac Arrest and

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
 CARDIAC ARREST

Is the condition in
which circulation
ceases and vital
organs are deprived
of oxygen.
 THREE CONDITIONS OF CARDIAC ARREST
1. CARDIO VASCULAR COLLAPSE
The heart is still beating but its action is so weak that
blood is not being circulated through the vascular system
to the brain body tissues.
2. VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION
Occurs when the individual fascicles of the heart, beat
independently rather than the coordinated, synchronized
manner that produce rhythmic heart beat.
3. CARDIAC STANDSTILL
It means that the heart has stopped beating.
 CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)

This is a combination
of chest compression
and rescue breathing.
This must be combined
for effective
resuscitation of the
victim of cardiac
arrest.
 Cough CPR
it is a self-initiated CPR, which is possible. Its use, however, is
limited to clinical situations in which the patient has a monitored
cardiac arrest, the arrest was recognized before loss of
consciousness, and the patient can cough forcefully.

Compression only CPR

If a person is unwilling or unable to perform mouth-to-mouth
ventilation for an adult victim, chest compression only – CPR should
be provided rather than no attempt of CPR being made.

Is recommended only in the following circumstances:

 When a rescuer is unwilling or unable to perform mouth-to-mouth
rescue breathing, or
 For use in dispatcher-assisted CPR instruction.
 WHEN TO S.T.O.P. CPR

SPONTANEOUS signs of circulation are

restored.

TURNED over to medical services or properly

trained and authorized personnel.

OPERATOR is already exhausted and cannot

continue CPR.

PHYSICIAN assumes responsibility (declares death,

take over, etc.).
 Criteria for not starting CPR

1. Patient has a valid “Do Not Attempt

Resuscitation” (DNAR) order.

2. Signs of irreversible death: Rigor Mortis,

Decapitation, or Dependent Lividity (skin
discoloration).

3. No physiological benefit can be expected

because the vital functions have deteriorated
despite maximal therapy for conditions as
progressive septic or cardiogenic shock.
 Don'ts in giving CPR
1. Don’t be a rocker - fulcrum of movement on the
hips and not on the knees and that your shoulder
is maintained parallel to the victim’s sternum.
2. Don’t be a bender - elbows maintained straight
and locked.
3. Don’t be a massager - only heels of the hands is
in contact with the sternum and that the fingers
should be off the chest.
4. Don’t be a double crosser - both heels of the
hands should be maintained parallel to the
sternum.
5. Don’t be a bouncer - even during relaxation
(release of pressure), heel of the hands should be
in contact with the sternum.
6. Don’t be a jerker - pressure and release of
pressure must be smooth and even.
 Table of Comparison on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
ADULT CHILD INFANT
1 finger width below
Compression Center of the Center of the
the imaginary
area chest chest
nipple line
Approximately Approximately Approximately
Depth
1½ - 2 inches 1 – 1½ inches ½ - 1 inch
How to heels of 1 hand, 2 fingers (middle &
heel of 1 hand
Compress other hand on top. ring fingertips)
Rate of Approximately Approximately Approximately
Compression 100/min 100/min 100/min
Compression: 30:2 30:2 ( 1 rescuer) 30:2 ( 1 rescuer)
Ventilation ratio ( 1 or 2 rescuers) 15:2 ( 2 rescuers) 15:2 ( 2 rescuers)
5 cycles 5 cycles
Cycles per 5 cycles
Minute (1 or 2 rescuers at (1 or 2 rescuers at
( 1 or 2 rescuers) 10 cycles)
10 cycles)
 CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
Adult / Child / Infant
2 breaths - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 1 – 2 breaths

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,

19, 20, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 2 – 2 breaths

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,

19, 20, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 3 – 2 breaths

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,

19, 20, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 4 – 2 breaths

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,

19, 20, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 5 – 2 breaths.

• Check for breathing and pulse – 10 seconds