BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS)

CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION (CPR)

Introduction
to BLS-CPR
 LIFE SUPPORT
Kinds of Life Support
1. Basic Life Support (BLS)
An emergency procedure that consists of recognizing
respiratory or cardiac arrest or both and the proper application
of CPR to maintain life until a victim recovers or advanced life
support is available.
2. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
The use of special equipment to maintain breathing and
circulation for the victim of a cardiac emergency.
3. Prolonged Life Support (PLS)
For post resuscitative and long term resuscitation.
 CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
Four Links
1. The First Link: EARLY ACCESS
It is the event initiated after the patient’s collapse until the arrival of
Emergency Medical Services personnel prepared to provide care.
2. The Second Link: EARLY CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)
It is most effective when started immediately after the victim’s
collapse. The probability of survival approximately doubles when it is
initiated before the arrival of EMS.
3. The Third Link: EARLY DEFIBRILLATION
It is most likely to improve survival. It is the key intervention to
increase the chances of survival of patients with “out-of-hospital”
cardiac arrest.
4. The Fourth Link: EARLY ACLS (Advanced Cardiac Life Support)
If provided by highly trained personnel like paramedics, provision of
advanced care outside the hospital would be possible.
 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases

1. Risk factors that cannot be changed (Non-modifiable)

 Heredity

 Age

 Gender
 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
2. Risk factors that can be changed (Modifiable):
 Cigarette smoking.
 Obesity
 Elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
 Lack of exercises.
 Hypertension
 Stress
 Diabetes
 HEART ATTACK
( Myocardial Infarction)
It occurs when the oxygen
supply to the heart muscle
(myocardium) is cut-off for a
prolonged period of time. This
cut-off results from a reduced
blood supply due to severe
narrowing or complete blockage
of the diseased artery. The
result is death (infarction) of
the affected part of the heart.
 Warning Signals of Heart Attack
Chest discomfort characterized
by:
1. Uncomfortable pressure
Sweating
2. Squeezing
3. Fullness or tightness Nausea
4. Aching
5. Crushing Shortness of
6. Constricting breath
7. Oppressive or heavy.
First Aid Management of Heart Attack
1. Recognize the signals of heart
attack and take action.
2. Have patient stop what he or
she is doing and sit or lie
him/her down in a comfortable
position. Do not let the patient
move around.
3. Have someone call the
physician or ambulance for
help.
4. If patient is under medical
care, assist him/her in taking
his/her prescribed medicine/s.