MULTI-VARI STUDY

OVERVIEW

Multivariable analysis (sometimes called Multi-

Vari) is the excellent statistical tool to identify
assignable causes of variability. More events,
especially in technical world, have multiple
causes that are related to one another and we
need to determine where the variability is
coming from our processes.
MULTIVARIABLE ANALYSIS

 Multivariable analysis is often use before

preparation of design of experiments (DOE). If
we have determined where the major source of
variability is coming from, then we can target
more efficiently our experimental designs to
reduce the particular source of variation.
MULTI-VARI STUDY
 A graphical data analysis tool that helps to
identify the most important types or families
of variation.
 Samples are collected according the families
of variation
 Sample data is plotted using a multi-vari chart
to identify major sources that contribute to the
variation in the input
 Multi-Vari study groups the total variation in
the output into three families
MULTI-VARI STUDY
 Positional variation (within unit)
 differences due to similar processes across a production
line (for example “line to line”, “operator to operator”,
“machine to machine”, etc.)
 Temporal variation (time-to-time)
 differences of a process over time (for example “shift to
shift”, “day to day”, “week to week”, etc.)
 Sequential variation (unit-to-unit)
 differences across a series of processes (for example
“process to process”, etc.)
MULTI-VARI STUDY

 At first we should study these noise variables

to uncover the major sources of variability
because then it does not require to we
manipulate with the independent variables (or
process parameters) in design of
experiments.
EXAMPLE OF FAMILIES OF
VARIATIONB D

A A C C

B D

 Measurement A and B indicate within unit variation at one

end.
 Measurement C and D indicate within unit variation at the
other end.
 Measurement B and D indicate variation across the length
of the unit
 Averages of similar measurements from a unit of several
units from the same lot indicate unit-to-unit variation within
lot.
 EXAMPLE OF VARIATION
SOURCES
Output
• Shift in mean
• Change in variability

Process
Control Parameters
• Temperature Variation Sources
• Pressure • Different machine conditions
• Time • Different shifts
• Different set-ups
• Changes in environmental conditions
 THE ‘X’ TREE
A tree diagram that helps to identify and organize
the various families of variation

Total ‘Y’ Variation

Within Unit Unit-To-Unit Time-To-Time

• Circumference • Set-ups • Lots

• Length • Operators • Shifts

• Days
METHODOLOGY OF MULTI-VARI
ANALYSIS
1. Define the problem to be solved
2. Make sure the measurement system is
good
3. Determine the number of families of
probable variation
4. Determine the number of time-to-time
samples required
METHODOLOGY OF MULTI-VARI
ANALYSIS
5. Determine the number of samples for unit-
to-unit and within units variation
(Total number of data required in the study is the
product of the three numbers above)
6. Design a table to facilitate data collection
7. Execute the data collection plan. Extend the
time-to-time samples until 80% of historic
variation of specification tolerance is
captured.
METHODOLOGY OF MULTI-VARI
ANALYSIS
8. Pay attention to discontinuities such as
lunch breaks, shift changes, tool changes,
set-up changes and preventive
maintenance.
9. Construct the multi-vari chart.
10. Analyze the chart to determine the family
with the greatest variation
11. Take actions to control the major variation
sources.
MULTI-VARI STUDY
 Problem statement:
Too much variation in the thickness of the magnetic
layer causing high reject at electrical test.

X X

Hard Disk Media

MULTI-VARI STUDY

The family of variation to be studied:

 Within unit variation
 Unit-to-unit variation
 Lot-to-lot variation
Samples:
 Lot-to-lot variation: 3 lots (2 days production)
 Unit-to-unit variation: 4 disks per lot
 Within disk variation: 4 location at 900 apart

Total number of data: 3 X 4 X 4 = 48

MULTI-VARI STUDY

LOT 1 LOT 2 LOT 3

D1 D2 D3 D4 D1 D2 D3 D4 D1 D2 D3 D4

1 210 205 203 211 203 208 211 207 213 209 211 207

2 198 210 206 215 213 214 208 217 203 210 205 219

3 205 219 217 206 215 216 220 213 215 216 216 215

4 207 201 206 209 219 202 214 212 217 200 209 212

Average 205 209 208 210 213 210 213 212 212 209 210 213

Range 12 18 14 9 16 14 12 10 14 16 11 12

Lot Ave 208 212 211

MULTI-VARI STUDY
Multi-Vari Charts for Thickness of Magnetic Layer
D1 D2 D3 D4
1 2 3 unit
220 1
2
3
4
215
thickness

210

205

200

D1 D2 D3 D4 D1 D2 D3 D4
Disk
Panel variable: Lot
Analysis: Within Unit Variation
Multi-Vari Charts for Thickness of Magnetic Layer
D1 D2 D3 D4
1 2 3 unit
220 1
2
3
4
215
thickness

210

205

200

D1 D2 D3 D4 D1 D2 D3 D4
Disk
Panel variable: Lot
Analysis: Unit-To-Unit Variation
Multi-Vari Charts for Thickness of Magnetic Layer
214 Disk
D1
213 D2
D3
212 D4

211
thickness

210

209

208

207

206

205

1 2 3
Lot
Analysis: Lot-To-Lot Variation
Multi-Vari Charts for Thickness of Magnetic Layer

212

211
thickness

210

209

208

1 2 3
Lot
CONCLUSION

The world round us is multivariable. When we want

to optimize our processes we need determining the
contributions of different causes to a single event. The
multivariable analysis is the most effective tool for
identifying of special causes of variability and for
finding of the most important factors for experimental
design. It could save a lot of time, work and troubles