BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS)

CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION (CPR)

Respiratory Arrest
And Rescue Breathing
 RESPIRATORY ARREST

Is the condition in
which breathing
stops or
inadequate.
 CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY
ARREST
1.Obstruction

Anatomical
Obstruction
When tongue drops
back and obstructs the
throat. Other causes
are acute asthma,
croup, diphtheria,
swelling, and cough.
 CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY
ARREST
Mechanical
Obstruction

When foreign objects

lodge in the
pharynx or airways;
fluids accumulate
in the back of the
throat.
 CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY
ARREST
3. Other causes of Respiratory
2. Diseases
Arrest
 Bronchitis
 Electrocution
 Pneumonia  Circulatory collapse
 Chronic Obstructive  External strangulation
Pulmonary Disease  Chest compression (by
(COPD) and other physical forces)
respiratory Illnesses
 Drowning
 Poisoning
 Suffocation
 RESCUE BREATHING
Is a technique of
breathing air into a
person lungs to supply
him or her with the
oxygen needed to
survive.
 WAYS TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS

1. Mouth-to-Mouth 2. Mouth-to-Nose

is a quick, effective way to is recommended when it is

provide oxygen and impossible to ventilate
ventilation to the victim. through the victim’s
mouth.
 WAYS TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS
3. Mouth-to-Mouth and
Nose
If the victim is an infant (1
year old), this is the best
way in delivering ventilation
by placing your mouth over
the infant’s mouth and nose
to create seal.
4. Mouth-to-Stoma
It is used if the patient has a
stoma; a permanent opening
that connects the trachea
directly to the front of the
neck. These patient breathe
only through the stoma.
 WAYS TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS
5. Mouth-to-Face Shield
It could provide very low
resistance ventilations to a
patient by using a thin and
flexible plastic.
6. Mouth-to-Mask
It could deliver ventilation
to a patient by using a
pocket face mask with a
one-way valve to form a
seal around the patient’s
nose and mouth.
 WAYS TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS

7. Bag Mask Device

It could deliver ventilation

to a patient by using a
hand-operated device
consisting of a self-
inflating bag, one-way
valve, facemask and
oxygen reservoir.
 Table of Comparison
ADULT CHILD INFANT
Opening the Maximum tilt of the Neutral plus
Neutral position
airway head position

Checking of
Carotid pulse Carotid pulse Brachial pulse
pulse
Mouth to mouth or Mouth to mouth Mouth to mouth &
Method mouth to nose or mouth to nose nose

Normal breath
Normal, Regulated Normal, Regulated
(approx. 1 sec /
Breaths breath enough to
breath (1-1.5 sec / breath (1-1.5 sec /
breath) breath)
make the chest rise)

20-24 breaths (1 40 breaths (1 40 breaths (1

Rate breath every 4 to 5 breath every 3 breath every 3
sec / 2min) sec / 2min) sec / 2min)
 RESCUE BREATHING /
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION (ADULT)
Breathe,
1, 1002, 1003, 1001, Breathe,
1, 1002, 1003, 1002, Breathe,
1, 1002, 1003, 1003, Breathe,
1, 1002, 1003, 1004, Breathe,

1, 1002, 1003, 1024, Breathe ,

Check for breathing and pulse – 10 seconds
RESCUE BREATHING / ARTIFICIAL
RESPIRATION (CHILD / INFANT)
Breathe 1, 1008, Breathe,
1, 1001, Breathe, 1, 1009, Breathe,
1, 1002, Breathe, 1, 1010, Breathe. . .
1, 1003, Breathe,
1, 1004, Breathe,
1, 1005, Breathe, 1, 1040, Breathe
1, 1006, Breathe, Check breathing and
pulse for 10 seconds
1, 1007, Breathe, after each cycle.