R19EC205 –

ANALOG AND DIGITAL

COMMUNICATION
 MODULE 1 AMPLITUDE MODULATION

• Amplitude Modulation: Modulation Techniques, Need for

modulation, Types of Modulation (AM, FM, PM, PAM, PWM, PPM),
Amplitude modulation in Time domain and frequency domain, Single
tone modulation; Generation of Amplitude Modulation: Square law,
Switching modulators; Detection of amplitude modulation: Square
law, Envelope detectors; Super Heterodyne Receiver.
 Types of Signals

• Continuous-time signals/ Analog signals: A continuous-time signal

is any continuous function of time.
EX: Any natural sound, human voice, and data read by analog
devices are examples of analog signals
• Discrete-time signals/ Digital Signals: A discrete-time signal is any
series of real numbers separated by equal time increments (or
samples).
 ANALOG COMMUNICATION
• In analog communication the data is transferred with the help of
analog signal in between transmitter and receiver. Any type of data is
transferred in analog signal. Any data is converted into electric form
first and after that it is passed through communication channel.
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

• In digital communication digital signal is used rather than analog

signal for communication in between the source and destination.

• The digital signal consists of discrete values rather than continuous

values. In digital communication physical transfer of data occurs in
the form of digital bit stream i.e 0 or 1 over a
point-to-point or point-to-multipoint transmission medium
Mobile phone communication
Signals that are used in modulation

• Modulating Signal: A message signal is a signal that contains the

message to be transmitted from the sender to the receiver. Message
signals are typically in the low or high-frequency range and are referred to
as baseband signals.
• Carrier Signal: The carrier signal, which has high-frequency sinusoidal
waves, is the other signal used in the modulation process. When
compared to the baseband signal, the high-frequency carrier wave can
travel much faster.
• Modulated Signal: The resultant signal refers to the modulated signal
after it has been modulated. This signal is a combination of the carrier and
message signals.
 Modulation
• Modulation is the process of changing the parameters of
the carrier signal, in accordance with the instantaneous
values of the modulating signal.
 Amplitude modulation
The amplitude of the carrier signal varies in
accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of
the modulating signal.
Square law Modulator
Square law Modulator
Switching modulator
When input vt is high – FRWD bias and Charge up to peak voltage
When input vt decrease – REV bias
 Superheterodyne receiver

Frf
Frf Fif
 Superheterodyne receiver
• The AM super heterodyne receiver takes the amplitude modulated
wave as an input and produces the original audio signal as an output.
• Selectivity is the ability of selecting a particular signal, while
rejecting the others.
• Sensitivity is the capacity of detecting RF signal and demodulating it,
while at the lowest power level
Practice Problem 1
Practice Problem 2