Cognitive Development

By JEAN PIAGET
 Jean Piaget

Swiss Psychologist
Writer Photographer

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Jean Piaget
Swiss Psychologist

Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist. He is most

famously known for his theory of cognitive
development that looked at how children develop
intellectually throughout the course of childhood. Prior
to Piaget's theory, children were often thought of
simply as mini-adults. Instead, Piaget suggested that
the way children think is fundamentally different from
the way that adults think.
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 Schema
Basic 1
– any concept or idea of how the world works.

Assimilation
Cognitive
2
– is taking a new experience and adding it to a pre-existing
schema.
3 Accommodation
Concepts – changing something in a schema to fit a new experience.

4 Equilibrium
- when a child's existing schemas are capable of
explaining what it can perceive around it.
5 Analysis
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 Four Stages of Cognitive Development
4 satges

SENSORIMOTOR STAGE 0-2 years

PREOPERATIONAL STAGE 2-7 years

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL
7-11 years
STAGE

FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE 12+

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SENSORIMOTO
R STAGE (0 to 2 years)
 Motor senses – sight, sound, touch, smell, taste

Infants understand the world through motor senses

 They realise they are different to the inanimate objects
around them
 They start learning that things can exist even if they
don’t see them (object permanence)
 They also learn to start experimenting with trial and
error to get attention

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PREOPERATIONA
L STAGE (2 to 7 years)
 The hallmark of this stage is the emergence of
language
 Children now begin to use words and pictures
to represent objects
 Children start to think about themselves more
and therefore become egocentric. They rarely
understand that things can look different from
other people’s point of view

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 CONCRETE
OPERATIONA (7 to 11 years)

L STAGE  The main aspect of this stage is the development

of logical reasoning
 Socio-centric – they observe other people’s
viewpoint and differences
 Conservation – when an object is split into 2, the
sum of the 2 is still the same object-
 Reversibility – understanding that many objects
can be changed and returned to their original
conditions
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 FORMAL
OPERATIONA (12+ years)

L STAGE  Abstract thought and hypothetical thinking

emerges
 Thinking about eventual consequences of their
actions
 Problem-solving without trial and error-
 Performing mental operations without needing
physical assists