DISASTER

MANAGEMENT CYCLE

MAJ FDA KONADU

ETS
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INTRODUCTION

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 SCOPE

 Concept.
 Definitions.
 Cycle of Disaster Management.

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 CONCEPT
 Legislation-NADMO
- UN Resolution 49/22 of 1994.
- ACT 517 OF 1996.
 Disaster phases
- Pre disaster phase.
- During disaster phase.
- Post disaster.

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DEFINITIONS

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 DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disaster management" can be defined as the range of
activities designed to maintain control over disaster
and emergency situations and to provide a framework
for helping at-risk persons to avoid or recover from the
impact of the disaster. Disaster management deals
with situations that occur prior to, during, and after the
disaster.
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OBJECTIVES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
 Assure prompt and appropriate assistance to
victims when necessary.
 To reduce or avoid the human, physical, and
economic losses suffered by individuals, by the
society, and by the country at large.
 To reduce personal suffering.
 To speed recovery.

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NATURAL DISASTERS THAT MAY OCCUR
IN GHANA
• Pest and Insect Infestation disasters
• Disease epidemics
• Fire disasters ·
• Hydrometeorological disasters
• Geological disasters

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN, 2010

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 MAN MADE DISASTERS THAT MAY
OCCUR IN GHANA
• Ethnic conflicts
• War
• Aviation and lake/maritime accidents
• Pollution of water bodies
• Industrial accidents
• Failure of structures (collapse of buildings, dams and mines)
• Nuclear and radiological accidents
• Oil spillage.

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN, 2010 9

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
PREPAREDNESS RESPONSE

MITIGATION RECOVERY

PREVENTION DEVELOPMENT

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 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Prevention
 Measures designed to impede the occurrence of a
disaster and/or prevent such an occurrence having
harmful effects on communities or key installations. The
following are some preventive measures:
 Constructing a dam or levee to control floodwaters.
 Controlled burning off in a bushfire-prone area prior to the
high fire-risk season.
 Legislation can also be regarded as prevention such as
land-use regulations which ensure that communities are not
allowed to develop on vulnerable sites such as the disaster-
prone areas of a flood plain. 11
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Mitigation
 Measures taken prior to the impact of a hazard event to
minimize its effects. The following are some mitigation measures:
 Enforcement of building codes.
 Land-use regulations.
 Safety regulations relating to high-rise building, control of hazardous
substances, etc.
 Safety codes governing land, sea, and air transport systems.
 Agricultural programs aimed at reducing the effects of hazards on crops.
 Systems to protect key installations such as power supplies and vital
communications.
 Developments in infrastructure, such as the routing of new highways
away from disaster-prone areas.
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 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Preparedness
 Comprises of measures which enable governments,
organizations, communities, and individuals to respond
rapidly and effectively to disaster situations. The following are
some of the measures:
 Formulating and maintaining valid and updated counter-disaster
plans which can be brought into effect whenever required.
 Special provisions for emergency action, such as evacuating
populations or moving them temporarily to safe havens.
 Providing warning systems.
 Emergency communications.
 Public education and awareness.
 Training programs, including exercise and tests. 13
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Response
 Measures which are taken immediately prior to and
following disaster impact. Typical measures include:
 Implementing plans.
 Activating the counter-disaster system.
 Search and rescue.
 Providing emergency food, shelter, medical assistance, etc.
 Surveying and assessing.
 Evacuating.

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 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Recovery
 It is the process by which communities and the nation are
assisted in returning to their proper level of functioning
following a disaster. The recovery process can be very
protracted, taking 5–10 years, or even more.
 Three main categories of activity are normally regarded
which are:
 Restoration.
 Rehabilitation.
 Reconstruction.

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 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Recovery
 Recovery activities include:
 Restoring essential services.
 Restoring of repairable homes and other
buildings/installations.
 Providing temporary housing.
 Measures to assist the physical and psychological
rehabilitation of persons who have suffered from the
effects of disaster.
 Long-term measures of reconstruction, including the
replacement of buildings and infrastructure that have been
destroyed by the disaster. 16
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Development
 It provides the link between disaster-related activities
and national development.
 Its inclusion in the disaster cycle is intended to ensure
that the results of disaster are effectively reflected in
future policies in the interests of national progress.
 Introducing improved and modernized building systems
and programs.
 Using international disaster assistance to optimum effect.
 Applying disaster experience in future research and
development programs.
 Using any other means appropriate to a particular situation.
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DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

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CONCLUSION

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