Development of venous system

And
Changes of fetal circulation
after birth
 Objectives
• Venou system
vitalline veins
umbilical veins
cardinal veins
• Fetal circulation
• Changesv after birth
 Venous system

• Vitelline veins

• Umbilical veins

• Cardinal veins
• In the 5th week, three pairs of major veins can
be distinguished:
A) the vitelline veins – carrying blood from the
yolk sac to the sinus venosus.
B) the umbilical veins – originating in the
chorionic villi and carrying oxygenated blood to
the embryo.
C) the cardinal veins – draining the body of the
embryo proper.
 Vitelline veins
 There are 2 vitelline veins

 Forms a plexus around the duodenum, forms the portal

vein.

 Pass through the septum transversum

 Hepatic cords grow into the septum and form the

hepatic sinusoids

 Connects to the sinus venosum

Vitelline veins
• Enlargement of the right vitelline vein.
• Forms the hepatic cardiac part of the IVC
• The SMV derives from the right vitelline vein
• The left vitelline vein disappears.
 Umbilical veins

• Proximal and distal portions of right umbilical vein

disappears
• Proximal left umbilical vein - disappears
• The left distal umbilical vein remains and carry blood from
the placenta to the liver
• The ductus venosus form between the left umbilical vein
and right hepatic - cardiac channel, it by passes the
sinusoidal plexus
• Both are obliterated after birth to form the ligamentum
teres and venosum respectively
Anterior cardinal veins,
which drain the Cardinal veins
cephalic part of the
embryo

Posterior cardinal
veins, which drain
the rest of the embryo.

Common cardinal
veins.

During the fourth week

this forms a
symmetrical system
From the fifth to the
seventh week additional
veins are
formed:
a) Subcardinal veins, which
mainly drain the kidneys;
b) Sacrocardinal veins,
which drain the lower
extremities
c) Supracardinal
veins, which drain the
body wall by way of
the intercostal veins,
taking over the
functions of the
posterior cardinal veins
 Formation of the vena cava system is characterized by
the appearance of anastomoses between left and right
in such a manner that the blood from the left is
channeled to the right side.
• Anterior cardinal veins -
> left brachocephalic
vein

• Left posterior cardinal

vein terminal portion - >
left superior intercostal
vein

• Right common cardinal

vein + proximal right
anterior cardinal vein->
SVC
• Subcardinal veins - >
left renal vein
• Left subcardinal vein
distal portion - > left
gonadal vein
• Right subcardinal vein -
> renal segment of the
IVC
• Sacrocardinal veins - >
left common iliac vein
• Right sacro cardinal
vein - > sacro cardinal
segment

When the renal segment of the inferior vena cava connects

with the hepatic segment, which is derived from the right
vitelline vein, the inferior vena cava, consisting of hepatic,
renal, and sacrocardinal segments, is complete.
Right 4th to 11th intercostal veins
-> right supracardinal vein
+
post cardinal vein

- > azygos vena

Left 4th to 7th intercostal veins

-> left supracardinal vein

( hemiazygos vein )

-> Azygos vein

portion between the right subclavian
and the left brachiocephalic vein
forms the right brachiocephalic
(innominate) vein.
Pulmonary venous system
The 4 pulmonary veins are not derived from pre-
existing embryonic veins.
They are formed as the lungs develop and drain the
capillary beds of the lung tissue into the left atrium.
Initially the 4 pulmonary veins connect to a single
trunk that connects to the left atrium; however, as the
embryo develops, this trunk is incorporated into the
wall of the left atrium.
By 8-9 weeks, this results in the 4 pulmonary veins
that originally connected to the common trunk,
emptying separately into the left atrium.
 Clinical correlates
Left superior vena cava: Persistence of the left anterior cardinal vein
Obliteration of the common cardinal and
anterior cardinal veins on the right

Double superior vena cava: Persistence of the left anterior cardinal vein
Failure of the right brachiocephalic vein to

form
Q. Which of the following veins is present
only during embryonic development

• The vitelline vein

• The ovarian vein
• The azygous vein
• The basilic vein
Fetal circulation:
Spacial structures in fetal circulation
After birth
Changes after birth
Remnants of the fetal circulation can be
found in the adult
Fetal Develops
foramen ovale fossa ovalis
ductus arteriosus ligamentum arteriosum
extra-hepatic portion of the ligamentum teres hepatis
fetal left umbilical vein ("round ligament of the liver")
intra-hepatic portion of the
fetal left umbilical vein ligamentum venosum
(ductus venosus)
proximal portions of the fetal
umbilical branches of the
left and right umbilical arteries
internal iliac arteries
distal portions of the fetal left
medial umbilical ligaments
and right umbilical arteries
Fate of the special structures
Conclusion
Conclusion
Thank you