DAV INSTITUTIONS

ODISHA ZONE- 1
SUBJECT-SCIENCE, CLASS-X
NAME OF THE TOPIC-LIFE PROCESS
PART-3(RESPIRATION)
 What is respiration?
• Breaking down of high energy organic molecules (food), releasing the
energy trapped within the chemical bonds of the molecules is called
respiration.
O2 From Breathing

Food ATP H2O CO2

+ +
Complex Enzymes
organic Energy
molecules like Glucose
Steps Involved in Respiration
1. Breathing: Mechanism by which organisms obtain O2 from the
environment and release CO2. (Exchange of gases)
2. Cellular respiration: Oxidation of organic food at cellular level using the O2
obtained during breathing.
Types of Respiration
Respiration

Aerobic Anaerobic

Presence Absence of
of Oxygen Oxygen
Pathways of Respiration
Respiration at Cellular Level
Food

Glycolysis (Cytoplasm)

Pyruvate
Aerobic Respiration
Krebs Cycle Anaerobic Respiration
(Mitochondria)

ATP + H2O + CO2 ATP + H2O + ethyl alcohol/

lactic acid
 Aerobic Respiration
• Requires oxygen.
• End products are CO2 and H2O.
• Involves complete oxidation of glucose and production of more
energy (38 ATP)
• Takes place in mitochondria.
• Involves both glycolysis and Krebs cycle.
 O2
Glycolysis Krebs Cycle
Glucose  Pyruvate 
 CO2  H2O  Energy
In Cytoplasm ETC
(38 ATP)
 Anaerobic Respiration
• Occurs only in certain tissues like muscle cells, bacteria, yeast, etc.
• Does not require oxygen.
• End product of anaerobic respiration in animals is lactic acid and ethyl alcohol in
plants.
• Very little energy (2 ATPs) evolved in this process.

• Reactions involved in this process occur only in the

cytoplasm.

Only glycolysis takes place, Krebs cycle is absent.

Glycolysis Fermentation
Glucose  Pyruvate 
 C2H5OH  H2O  Energy
In Cytoplasm In absence of O2
(2 ATP)
Difference Between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

Parameter Aerobic Anaerobic

Respiration Respiration

Oxygen Is utilised Not utilised

End products CO2 and water Alcohol or lactic

acid

Energy released More Less

Site Mitochondria Cytoplasm

Difference Between Respiration in Plants and Animals

Respiration in Plants Respiration in Animals

Do not have separate organs for
respiration.
There is very little transport of
gases from one part to other
Animals have separate organs
and/or organ system for
respiration.
Transport of gases from one part to
other is more.

Rate of respiration is slow Rate of respiration is fast.

Exchange of Gases in Animals
Organism Organ/ process involved in
gaseous exchange
Unicellular organisms Diffusion through cell
surface
Fishes Gills

Human beings Lungs

 Breathing in Fishes
• Respiratory organs gills

• Fishes take oxygen

dissolved in water

• The rate of breathing in

aquatic animals is much
faster since the amount
of dissolved oxygen in
water is low as compared
to amount of oxygen
present in atmosphere
 Common Features of Respiratory Organs
1. A large surface area to get enough oxygen

2. Walls are thin for easy diffusion and exchange of gases

3. Rich blood supply (in animals where blood is present) for rapid
transport of gases (except in insects where air reaches cells directly).
Parts of Respiratory System in Human Beings
Human
Respiratory
System

Nose

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Lungs

Diaphragm
Functions of Parts of Respiratory System
Part Function
Nose Filters air from dust and bacteria
Pharynx Regulates opening of trachea through glottis –
epiglottis
Larynx Voice production
Trachea Connects pharynx with bronchi. Avoids collapsing
of respiratory tube
Bronchi Connects trachea with lungs
Alveoli Exchange of gases
Lungs Contains bronchioles and alveoli
Diaphragm Contraction and relaxation of diaphragm leads to
breathing
Mechanism of Breathing in Man
• Breathing is the process of exchange of gases
between atmosphere and blood.
• It involves two steps:
Breathing

Inhalation Exhalation
Mechanism of Inhalation
Diaphragm contracts (Flat position)

Forward and outward movement of ribs

Increase in thoracic cavity volume

Lungs expand

Air pressure reduces

Air rushes in
Mechanism of Exhalation
Diaphragm relaxes (dome shaped)

Ribs return to original position

Volume of thoracic cavity decreases

Lungs return to original size

Air pressure increases

Air rushes out

 Inhalation Exhalation
Definition Process of breathing in of Process of breathing out of
air air
Change in rib muscle Contracts Relax
Position of diaphragm Comes down Comes back to original
dome shape
Change in thorax Moves upward and outward Comes back to original
shape
Change in volume inside Increases Decreases
thoracic cavity
Change in air pressure Reduces Increases
inside thoracic cavity
Path of movement of air Nostrils  trachea  Alveoli  bronchi  trachea
bronchi  alveoli  nostrils
Nature of air Rich in Oxygen Rich in Carbon dioxide
Exchange of Oxygen in Lungs and Tissues
Concentration of oxygen in
Alveoli is more during inhalation

Blood becomes Oxygen diffuses from

deoxygenated and is Alveoli to blood.
transported back to lungs Forms oxyhaemoglobin

Oxygen diffuses from Oxygen carried to tissues

blood to tissue by circulation of blood

Concentration of oxygen in
tissue is less than blood
Exchange of Carbon Dioxide in Lungs and Tissues
Concentration of carbon dioxide
is more in the deoxygenated
blood than the alveoli

Carbon dioxide diffuses

Carried back to lungs from blood plasma
through blood to alveoli and finally exhaled

Carbon dioxide concentration

is more in tissues due to
oxidation of food

Carbon dioxide diffuses

out in the blood
 worksheet

1. Name the common respiratory substrate.

2. State the first phase of aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
3. Define glycolysis
4. State the site of glycolysis & Krebs cycle.
5. Define fermentation.
6. Write the end products of aerobic respiration.
7. Write the end product of anaerobic respiration.
8. What type of respiration takes place during muscle fatigue? Write its end product.
9. State the type of respiration in which complete breakdown of food takes place.
10. State the type of respiration in which ATP in broken down to give rise to fixed amount of energy.
11. State the process by which exchange of gases takes place in plants.
12. State the condition on which direction of diffusion depends.
13. Write the chemical equation for aerobic respiration.
14. Why is breathing in aquatic organism much faster than terrestrial?
15. How do terrestrial organisms contact with oxygen rich atmosphere?
16. State the role of fine hairs and mucus in nasal canals of human body.
17. Why does the walls of wind pipe not collapse?
18. State the functions of alveoli.
19. State the respiratory pigment present in human being.
20. What is the residual volume of air?
21. What happens when oxygen combined with haemoglobin?
22. Why do lungs alveoli covered with blood capillaries?
23. List any two characteristics of anaerobic respiration occurring in yeast cel
24. Why is breakdown of pyruvate in the mitochondria called aerobic?
 ACTIVITY FOR STUDENTS-(Art integration)

• Students can make information collage on the different respiratory

disorders happen to human body through infection BY microbes/by
smoking with the help of information from news paper cut
outs/magazines/journals.
THANK YOU