DAV INSTITUTIONS

ODISHA ZONE- 1
SUBJECT-SCIENCE, CLASS-X
NAME OF THE TOPIC-LIFE PROCESS
PART-1(NUTRITION IN PLANTS)
 INTRODUCTION
• LIFE PROCESSES
• How can you know that an organism is living by simple observation ?

• Ans :By following the visible characterstics.

- Movement
- Locomotion
- Growth
- Breathing .
• But breathing is invisible in plants . So breathing as a characterstics of life is not
enough .
Common Characteristics of Living Beings

1. Growth
2. Breathing

3. Movement 4. Reproduction
 Defining Characteristic of Life
• All the known characteristics of living things either have exceptions
or can only be observed over a period of time. For example:
• Plants do not move
• Plants do not eat food
• We cannot observe breathing in plants
• Growth in living beings can be observed only over a period of time

• Hence, none of these can be defining characteristic of life except

molecular movements.
 Molecular Movements
• All living organisms have structural organisation.
• Chemically living cells are made up of molecules.
• Definition of ‘life’ can be explained at molecular level in terms of molecular movements.
• Molecular movements are small scale movements invisible to naked eyes, that are essential for life.
• Most common chemical reactions in living beings are oxidation-reduction reactions.
Viruses – A Borderline Between Living and Non-Living
Outside Cell - Dead Inside Cell - Living
 Life Processes
• The maintenance functions of living organisms together constitutes life
processes.

• They involve
• Synthesis
• Breaking
• Repair

• Importance of maintainance jobs:

- To prevent the damage /break down of useful substances.
- To release energy.
 SOURCES OF ENERGY
• CARBON BASED MOLECULES
- Life on earth is dependent upon carbon based molecules’
- Trensfer of these molecules is possible by the life processes called
nutrition.
- Oxidation and reduction of these molecules help in energy liberation.
- The process of acquiring oxygen from outside the body and to use it for
breaking it down the food sources is called respiration.

•
 DIFFUSION IS THE VITAL PROCESS TO FULFILL THE
NEEDS OF LIVING ORGANISMS:
• Unicellular organisms have no specific organs for gaseous exchange . They
fulfill the demand of oxygen by their body surface through simple
diffusion.
• In multicellular organisms , diffusion cannot meet the demand for each cell
because the cells donot have direct contact with their surroundings .
• TRANSPORTATION :The cells of all multicellular organisms fulfill their
demands by special organs or organ systems . The process involved here is
transporting system .
• EXCRETION: During the biochemical processes , some useless by products are
released and this can be removed from the body by the process of
excretion . The organ system involved here is excretory system .
Essential Life Processes

Nutrition Respiration

Life Processes

Transportation Excretion
Life Processes in Unicellular Organism
Nutrition
Diffusion
Diffusion

Transportation
Respiration

Diffusion

Diffusion
Excretion
All processes performed by the single cell
 Life Processes in Multicellular Organisms
Respiration

Nutrition

Transportation
Excretion

Division of labour – Specialised organ systems perform different functions

Nutrition
• Nutrient is a substance which:
-organism obtains from its surroundings and
- use it as energy source or
- for biosynthesis of body constituents.
• The process of intake, as well as utilisation of nutrients
by an organism is called nutrition.

Why do living organisms require food?

1. Growth
2. Carry out and maintain life processes (energy)
3. Repair
4. Produce biomolecules
Types of Nutrition
Nutrition

Autotrophic Heterotrophic

Holozoic

Saprophytic

Parasitic
Autotrophic Nutrition
• Auto means self and troph means nutrition.

• Organisms that can prepare or synthesise their own food are autotrophs.

• Organisms uses simple inorganic material and

convert into complex organic molecules.

• Examples: green plants and some bacteria.

• Such organisms are also called producers.

Photosynthesis
• Photo means light, synthesis means building up.

• Photosynthesis is synthesis of food using sunlight.

• Green plants synthesise food (glucose) using carbondioxide (CO2 ) and water
(H2O) in the presence of sunlight

Sunlight
6CO2  12H2O 
Chlorophyll

 C6H12O6  6H2O  6O2
Site of Photosynthesis
• All green (chlorophyll) parts of plant but mainly leaves.
Raw Materials for Photosynthesis

Photosynthetic
Raw Materials

CO2 H2O
Carbon Dioxide
• Source of CO2 in the air
- respiration by animals
- combustion of fuels.

• Land plants take in carbon dioxide from the air through

stomata.

• Aquatic plants absorbs CO2 dissolved in water.

• This carbon dioxide is fixed (reduced) to six-carbon

glucose (carbohydrate) molecule
Water
• Absorbed by the roots from the soil by the process of
osmosis and is transported to the leaves by the xylem.

• Role: Photolysis of water (break down using light) to form

hydrogen ions, electrons and oxygen.
 Mechanism of Photosynthesis
Events taking place during photosynthesis

1. Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll

2. Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of water molecules

into hydrogen and oxygen.

3. Reduction of Carbon dioxide to carbohydrates

Heterotrophic Nutrition (Hetro – Others and Trophs – Nutrition)

• Organism derive energy from the organic food obtained

from other plant or animal source.
• Examples: non- green plants, animals, fungi and bacteria.
• Since these organisms are incapable of manufacturing their own food,
they are called consumers.
Heterotrophic
Organisms

Holozoic Saprophytic Parasitic

Holozoic Nutrition (Holos-Whole, Zoic-Animal)

• The feeding of complex organic matter by ingestion, which is

subsequently digested and absorbed.

• Examples: Animals, including man, take in solid food.

• The process of digestion is inside the body (Intracellular)

Classification of Animals on the Basis of Food Habit

Animals

Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores

Saprophytic Nutrition (Sapro - Rotten, Phyte – Plant)

• Organisms which absorb nourishment

from dead and decaying organic matter
are called saprophytes.
• Examples: fungi (like mould,
mushrooms, yeast) and
bacteria.
• This process is called extra cellular
digestion.

Mushrooms
Parasitic Nutrition (Para means other)
• Organisms depend on other organisms
either externally or
internally to obtain their food. It is the
mode of obtaining food
synthesised by others.
• The organism, which provides food, is
known as host and Cuscuta
the one who obtains food is the parasite.
• Examples - Cuscuta, Plasmodium, virus,
fungi, bacteria, non-green plants and
animals.

Leech
 worksheet
1. State the type of nutrition found in fungi.
2. Define autotrophic nutrition.
3. State the form of carbohydrates that are stored in plants and animals.
4. Write the photosynthetic pigments in plants.
5. Define variegated leaf.
6. Photolysis of water is needed for photosynthesis process . Justify.
7. Write the organs through which gaseous exchange occurs in plants.
8. Organisms use enzymes . State the reason.
9. Nitrogen considered as the essential element in plants.Give reason.
10. In which forms nitrogen taken up by the plants?
11. Define heterotrophic nutrition.
12. State the effect, depending on the increased on body size & complexity of the
carbon sources.