Transformer

Presented By

MD. MUSHFIKUR RAHMAN KHAN

Lecturer
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Bangladesh Army University of Engineering and Technology
07/13/2024 Lecture No:02 1
 Index
 Transformer Definition.

 Transformer Apparatus.

 Transformer Working Principle.

 Ideal Transformer Characteristics.

 Application of Transformer.

 Parallel operation of a transformer.

 Transformer Tests.

 Lesson Summary.
07/13/2024 Lecture No:02 2
 Transformer

A transformer is a Static Piece of equipment by

means of which electric power in one circuit is
transform into another electric circuit maintaining
same frequency, Same Power.

07/13/2024 Lecture No:02 Fig No:1: Transformer 3

 Transformer
Apparatus
Main Tank. Oil.
Core. Winding Temparature Indicator.
Winding. Oil Temparature Indicator.
Radiator and Cooling Fan. MK Box.
Conservator. Drive Box.
Buchholz Relay.
Pressure Relief Device(PRD)
Differential Relay.
Bushing.
Breather.
07/13/2024 Lecture No:02 4
 Contd.

07/13/2024 Fig No:2: Transformer

Lecture No:02 Equipments 5
 Transformer Working
Principle
Faradays Law of Electromagnetic Induction:

1st Law

Whenever magnetic flux linked with a circuit changes, induced e.m.f is produced.

2nd Law

The magnitude of induced e.m.f is directly proportional to time rate of change in

magnetic flux linked with the circuit.

07/13/2024 Lecture No:02 6

 Contd.
When an alternating voltage is
applied to the primary, an alternating
flux Φ is set up in the core. This
alternating flux links both the
windings and induces e.m.f.s and
according to Fraday’s Law of
electromagnetic Induction. The e.m.f
is termed as primary e.m.f and e.m.f is
termed as secondary e.m.f.

Fig No:3: Transformer Operation

07/13/2024 Lecture No:02 7

 Ideal
Transformer

No Winding Resistance.

No Leakage Flux.

No iron Loss.

07/13/2024 Lecture No:02 8

 Application of
Transformer

 Voltage Up or Down.

 Isolation.

 Filtration.

07/13/2024 Lecture No:02 9

 Parallel Operation of
Transformer
Same terminal Voltage.

Phase Sequence must be same.

Vector Group must be same.

Voltage ration must be same.

07/13/2024 Lecture No:02 10

 Transformer
Test

The circuit constants, efficiency and voltage regulation of a transformer can be

determined by two simple tests:

1. Open-Circuit Tests/No-Load Test.

2. Short-Circuit Tests/Full Load Test.

07/13/2024 Lecture No:02 11

 Open Circuit
Test
In this test, the rated voltage is applied
to the primary (usually low voltage
winding) while secondary is left open-
circuited. We solve shunt parameters
using the open circuit test. By
performing this test, We can measure
core loss (Eddy current Loss, Fig No:4: Open Circuit Test of Transformer
Hysteresis Loss) of a transformer.
07/13/2024 Lecture No:02 12
 Short Circuit
Test
In this test, the rated voltage is
applied to the primary (usually
high voltage winding) while
secondary is short-circuited. We
solve series parameters using the
Short circuit test. By performing
this test, We can measure copper
Fig No:5: Short Circuit Test of Transformer
loss of a transformer.
07/13/2024 Lecture No:02 13
 Lesson
Summary
1. The Transformer action is based on the law of electromagnetic Induction.

2. There is no electrical connection between the primary and secondary. The

A.C Power is transferred from primary to secondary through magnetic
flux.

3. There is no change in frequency.

4. The losses that occur in transformer are:

(a) Core loss – eddy current loss and hysteresis loss.
(b) Copper Loss – In the resistance of the winding.

07/13/2024 Lecture No:02 14

 Thank You

07/13/2024 Lecture No:02 15