PRESENTATION

All Generations of
Computers
 The first generation of computers is
generally known as electromechanical
computers or using vacuum tubes. For
example, ENIAC has used Vacuum
tubes, relied on Machine Language and
Boolean logic. A computer using
vacuum tubes is very slow in executing
programs compared to present-day
computers.

FIRST GENERATION
BENEFITS
• Vacuum tubes made possible to make
electronic digital computers
• They were fast computers to calculate
• Vacuum tubes were used in this generation
D R AW B A C K S
• These computers were very large in size
• They were not portable
• They produced too much heat and needed Air
conditioning
• They not very reliable
• They were more costly
• They were quite slow in speed
• they consumed a lot of power.
• They were difficult to maintain
 A second-generation computer, through
the late 1950s and 1960s
featured circuit boards filled with
individual transistors and magnetic-
core memory. These machines
remained the mainstream design into
the late 1960s, when integrated circuits
started appearing and led to the third-
generation computer.

SECOND
GENERATION
BENEFITS
• Smaller in size as compared to the first
generation computer.
• Second-generation computers were more
reliable.
• Used less energy and were not heated as
much as a first-generation computer.
• Wider commercial use.
D R AW B A C K S
• A cooling system was required.
• Constant maintenance is required.
• Commercial production was difficult.
• Only used for specific purposes.
• Costly and not versatile.
• Punch cards were used for input.
 The computers of third
generation used Integrated Circuits
(ICs) in place of transistors. A
single IC has many transistors,
resistors, and capacitors along with
the associated circuitry. The IC
was invented by Jack Kilby. This
development made computers
smaller in size, reliable, and
efficient.

THIRD
GENERATION
BENEFITS D R AW B A C K S

• These computers required less space as they were • One of the biggest limitations of third-generation
smaller in size comparing to two previous generation computers was that they still required air
of computers.
conditioning even if they produced less heat.
• As the integrated circuit technology used to make
• The manufacturing of the IC chip was possible to
these computers made computers more reliable.
complete by highly sophisticated technology.
• They did not need much energy during operations;
also, they produced less heat. • For third generation computers, formal training was
needed to use.
• They were widely used due to portable and offered
better speed. • Also, maintaining integrated circuit chips is not easy.
• These computers used a fan for head discharge and
did not require manual computations.
 The fourth generation lasted from 1971
to 1980.It resulted in the invention of
the microprocessor. Semiconductor
memories have taken the place of
magnetic core memory. During this
time, computer operating institutions
were designed. Users benefitted from
the usage of Graphic User Interface
technologies.

FOURTH
GENERATION
BENEFITS
• They are more reliable and efficient compared to other
generations of computers
• The consumption of electricity is low compared to the
previous generation of computers
• They have fantastic processing powers
• They are multitasking and multiprogramming with the
time-sharing concept
• They used semi-conductor memory for better
performance
D R AW B A C K S
• The fourth generation’s computer used
microprocessors which are complex in
manufacturing
• VLSI circuit needs more advanced technology
• Due to network connectivity spread, harmful
viruses and malware are found
• Heavily dependent on the internet
• Microprocessors are prone to get damaged
• More storage is needed
 The computers of fifth-generation use
AI (artificial intelligence) technology
that includes: Development of expert
systems, Game Playing, Robotics,
Natural language understanding, and
Neural Networks. The AI technology
made these computers to understand
human language as well as recognize
graphs and pictures

FIFTH
GENERATION
BENEFITS
• They are very smart machines
• They are extremely fast and have
great memory storage
• They can communicate with humans
• They can understand sign language, images,
and graphs
• They are less expensive than other computers
D R AW B A C K S
• Excessive use of the fifth Generation of
computers can make humans over-dependent on
them
• They can spy easily
• Overuse can have a bad impact on health
• They are extensively used in the manufacturing
industries; therefore, the fear of losing jobs is
always on the cards
• Their waste can negatively affect the environment
THANK YOU

Created by Mahnoor Irfan

Level 7 Mississippi