Singly Reinforced

Sections
EXAMPLES
Example 1
A simply supported rectangular beam of 7m span carries characteristics dead (including
self-weight of beam), gk, and imposed, qk, loads of 12 KN/m and 8 KN/m respectively. The
beam dimensions are breadth , b , 275 mm and effective depth, d, 450 mm. Assuming the
following material strength, Calculate the area of reinforcement required.
Fcu = 30 N/mm2,
Fy = 460 N/mm2
Ultimate load (w) = 1.4 gk + 1.6 Qk
= 1.4 × 12 + 1.6 × 8 = 29.6 KN/m
Design Moment (M)= w l2 / 8 = 29.6 × 72 / 8 = 181.3 KN.m
Ultimate Moment of resistance (Mu) = 0.156 fcu bd2
= 0.156 × 30 × 275 × 4502
= 260.6 KN.m
Since Mu > M, Design as singly reinforced beam
 = = 0.1085

Z = d[0.5+

= 450 [ 0.5 + = 450

= 386.9 mm 0.95 d = 0.95
As = = = 1072 mm2
Provide 4 T 20 As = 1260 mm2.
Example 2
A rectangular section is shown in figure, using the data given, determine the maximum
ultimate Moment which can be applied to the section assuming it to be singly reinforced.
Data:
Characteristic strength of concrete ( fcu) = 40 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of steel ( fy) = 460 N/mm2
Solution:
Strength based on concrete
Mult = 0.156 bd2 fcu
= 0.156
= 275.2 KN.m
4 T 18
Strength based on Steel:
As = 1017 mm2
Z = 0.775 d
Mult = 0.95 fy As Z
= 0.95
= 144.7 KN.m
The maximum design moment which can be applied
Mult = 144.7 KN.m
Example 3
Use the design chart to calculate the area of steel for the beam in Example 1.
Data:
fcu = 30 N/mm2
fy = 460 N/mm2
b =275 mm
d = 450 mm
M = 181.3 KN.m
= 3.26
Using Chart No. 2
= 0.9
As = 0.9 = 1114 mm2
Provide 4 T 20 , As = 1260 mm2
Example 4
The cross-section of a simply supported rectangular beam is shown in Figure. Using the data
given, and assuming the section to be singly-reinforced, determine the area of tension
reinforcement required to resist an applied ultimate bending moment of 150 kN.m.
Data:
Characteristic strength of concrete (fcu) = 40 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of steel (fy) = 460 N/mm2
Nominal maximum aggregate size (hagg) = 20 mm
Diameter of main tension steel Assume 25 mm
Diameter of shear links = 10 mm
Exposure condition = moderate
Minimum required fire resistance 2.0 hours
Solution:
Nominal cover to all steel ≥ bar size
cover = 25 mm
≥ Nominal maximum aggregate size
= 20 mm
Exposure condition: moderate, fcu = 40 N/mm2
From Table 3.3: Cover ≥ 30 mm
Min. fire resistance: 2.0 hr, beam is simply supported
From Table 3.4: Cover ≥ 40 mm
The required nominal cover to the main steel = 40 mm
Minimum width b for 2 hours, fire resistance = 200 mm ∴ adequate
Effective depth d = (h − cover − link diameter − bar diameter/2)
= = (450 − 40 − 10 − 13) = 387 mm
Check that the section is singly-reinforced:
K = = = 0.125 < 0.156
the section is singly-reinforced
Z = d[0.5+
= d [ 0.5 + =
Z = 0.83 d = 0.83 × 387 = 321.2 mm
As = = = 1068 mm2
Provide 4 T 20 As = 1260 mm2.