Spatially-Enhanced

Outdoor Air Quality

Monitoring through
Advanced Clustering
Algorithms
Presented By: Biraj Paul, Nitish Kumar Upadhyay,

Prakriti Palit, Saswata Patra

Mentor: Debajyoti Sengupta

Importance of Outdoor Air Quality
Monitoring
1 Public Health Impact 2 Overview
Poor outdoor air quality
can harm human health,
causing respiratory and
cardiovascular issues.
Effective monitoring is
vital for addressing these
concerns.
3 Regulatory
This Project focuses on
leveraging clustering
technique which group
different air pollution
measuring devices located
in the nearest geographical
location together
Compliance
Many regions have
implemented strict air
quality regulations to
protect the environment
and public health. Accurate
and reliable monitoring
data is necessary to ensure
compliance with these
regulations and drive
policy decisions.
Aims & Objective
1 To expand the existing dataset by integrating additional information

2 To develop a robust clustering methodology that efficiently organizes air pollution

3 To conduct comprehensive cluster analysis to identify homogeneous units of air pollution measuring devices

4 To facilitate identification of any possible faulty device inside a particular cluster

5 To automate the whole process as much as is feasible so that bare minimal human intervention is required.
Spatially-Enhanced Monitoring Approach

Distributed Sensor Network 1

In case of environmental monitoring, there
exists a need to efficiently organize air
pollution measuring devices into clusters
based on their proximity and operational
interdependence which can measure
different kinds of pollutants like NO2, CO,
03, SO2, Pm 2.5 and Pm 10 etc.
2 Real-Time Data Collection
The sensor network collects air quality
data in real-time, providing a continuous
and dynamic view of the spatio-temporal
patterns of air pollution, enabling timely
response and intervention.

Problem Statement 3
The challenge arises from the requirement
to ensure reliable data collection and
analysis while accommodating varying
customer demand, technical constraints
and other situational requirements like
scientific research
Advanced Clustering Algorithms
K-Means Clustering
K-Means is a popular algorithm that partitions the
data into K distinct clusters based on the similarity
of air quality measurements. This approach can
help identify distinct air quality zones within the
monitored area.
Hierarchical Clustering
Hierarchical clustering constructs a hierarchy of
clusters, allowing for the identification of nested
air quality zones and the detection of broader
regional trends in air pollution.
Density-Based Spatial Clustering
(DBSCAN)
DBSCAN is a density-based clustering algorithm
that can identify air quality clusters of arbitrary
shape and size, accounting for the potential
presence of outliers or irregular air pollution
patterns.
Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM)
GMM is a probabilistic approach that models the
air quality data as a mixture of Gaussian
distributions, enabling the characterization of
complex, non-spherical air quality clusters.
Experimental Setup and Methodology

Sensor Data Collection Clustering Validation and

Deployment and Integration Analysis Evaluation
A dense network of The sensor network The integrated dataset The performance of
low-cost, high- transmits the is then subjected to a the clustering
precision air quality collected data to a suite of advanced algorithms is
sensors is deployed centralized platform, clustering algorithms, evaluated using a
across the study area where it is processed, including K-Means, range of metrics, such
to collect real-time quality-checked, and DBSCAN, as silhouette score,
data on key integrated into a hierarchical Calinski-Harabasz
pollutants, such as comprehensive clustering, and index, and Davies-
particulate matter, spatio-temporal Gaussian Mixture Bouldin index, to
nitrogen oxides, and dataset. Models, to identify ensure the reliability
ozone. distinct air quality and accuracy of the
zones and patterns. results.
Results and Findings

Spatial Temporal Policy Implications

Heterogeneity Pollution Hotspots Dynamics
The analysis reveals The real-time data The study's findings
significant spatial The clustering collection and analysis have important policy
heterogeneity in outdoor algorithms have have enabled the implications, informing
air quality, with the successfully identified characterization of the development of
identification of distinct several air pollution dynamic, time-varying more effective,
air quality zones within hotspots, where patterns in air quality, spatially-targeted air
the study area, concentrations of key providing insights into quality management
highlighting the pollutants are the underlying drivers strategies and the
limitations of traditional significantly higher than and potential mitigation optimization of resource
monitoring approaches. the surrounding areas, strategies. allocation for air
requiring targeted pollution control
interventions. measures.
Conclusion and Future Directions
Conclusion
This project has demonstrated the transformative
potential of spatially-enhanced outdoor air quality
monitoring through the use of advanced clustering
algorithms. By capturing the complex spatio-
temporal patterns of air pollution, this approach
provides a more comprehensive and actionable
understanding of the air quality challenges facing
urban environments.
Future Directions
Going forward, the research team plans to expand the
sensor network, explore additional clustering
techniques, and integrate the findings with
atmospheric modeling and dispersion simulations.
The ultimate goal is to develop a robust and scalable
framework for air quality monitoring and
management that can be replicated in various urban
settings, contributing to the creation of healthier and
more sustainable cities.
THANK YOU
Gratitude for Support Future Collaboration
Thank you for the valuable support and We look forward to the possibility of
guidance throughout this project. future collaboration and shared
endeavors.

Continued Progress
Wishing for continued progress and success in all your endeavors.