II YEAR B.TECH C.E.

I-SEM

Unit-2

PETROLOGY

Dr. P. Sarathbabu M.Sc. B.Ed. Ph.D.

Department of Geology
Acharya Nagarjuna University
Introduction: Petrology deals with the study of rocks
Petro = rock , ( litho=rock )
Logos = study
Petrology comprises the
Origin,
Association
Occurrence
Mineral composition
Texture
Structure
Physical properties etc.. of rocks
Rock: Aggregated solids of minerals is called rock.
(Or)
A rock may be defined as “an unit of the earth’s crust

All rocks are made of two or more minerals, but minerals are not made of
rocks.
 Geological Classification of Rocks
• There are three main types of rocks:

1. Igneous - formed when molten rock

cools.

2. Metamorphic – rocks changed by the

effect of heat and pressure.

3. Sedimentary – formed by the

consolidation of sediments in the
layered or bedded rocks deposited in
the ocean bottom or huge lakes, etc.
What type of rock is formed
when magma cools and hardens?

Characteristics

A tough, frozen melt with little texture or layering;

mostly black, white and/or gray minerals; may look like
granite or like lava
What type of rock is formed
when change occurs from heat
and pressure in the Earth?

Characteristics

Hardened sediment with layers (strata) of sandy or

clayey stone; mostly brown to gray; may have
fossils and water or wind marks
What type of rock is formed when
weathering and erosion cause
sediments to press together in
layers?

Characteristics

Tough rock with layers (foliation) of light and dark

minerals, often curved; various colors; often glittery
from mica
 Pegmatite
Dolerite
Charnockite

Laterite
 Rock Cycle

• The three different types of

rocks--- igneous, sedimentary
andmetamorphic---are
constantly being changed from
one type to another type
through various geological
processes.
Early stage of Earth = Molten stage
 Civil Engineering importance of Petrology
• Petrology provides a proper concept and logical basis
for interpreting physical properties of rocks.

• The study of texture, structure, mineral composition,

chemical composition etc., gives all necessary details
regarding the strength,durabiliy,colour,appeareance,
workability, etc.,

These inherent characters of rocks are of chief concern

for a civil engineer to judiciously assess the suitability occurring
at project site for required purpose