IODINE TITRATIONS

• Titration between iodine and thiosufate

can be used to find out the
concentration of a solution of oxidising
agent.
• It is a redox titration
 STEPS INVOLVED
• Pipette a known volume of solution of oxidising agent into a conical flask
• Add some dilute acid int the soluton.

• Add excess of potassium iodide solution and swirl to mix the solution.

• Titrate the liberated iodine against standard sodium thiosulfate solution until
the iodine colour fades to pale straw colour.

• Add starch indicator.

• Remaining iodine then react with starch to form blue black ppt.

• Continue the adding of sodium thiosulfate until the colour disappears.

• Repeat the procedure for getting concordant values

• 1.00g of an impure sample of potassium iodate was dissolved in distilled water and the
solution made up to 250cm3.25cm3 portions of this solution were taken and about
25cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid and excess potassium iodide were added.Each was titrated
against standard 0.100 mol/dm3 sodium thiosulfate solution.The mean titre was 23.75
cm3.
• Calculate the purity of potassium iodate?
• KIO3 +5KI +3H2SO4 3I2 + 3K2SO4 +3H2O
• I2 + 2Na2S2O3 2NaI + Na 2S4O6
• No. of moles of sodium thiosulfate = .100mol/dm 3 x .02375 dm3

= 2.375 x 10 -3 mol
1mol of KIO3 produces 3moles I2,which require 6 MOL Na2S2O3
No. of moles of potassium iodate in 25cm3 =(1/6) x 2.375 x 10 -3

= 3.958 x 10-4 mol

So in 250cm3 =10 x 3.958 x10-4

=3.958 x 10-3 mol

Molar mass of kio3 = 39.1+126.9+(3x16) =214g/mol

Mass of pure KIO3 in sample = 3.958 x 10 -3 x 214 =0.847g

Purity of sample =(.847/1.00)x 100 =84.7%
 TESTS FOR HALOGENS

CHLORINE BROMINE IODINE

PALE GREEN GAS BROWN FUMING LIQUID GREY BLACK SOLID
•RAPIDLY BLEACHES DAMP •SLOWLY BLEACHES DAMP SOLUTION IN AQ.KI IS RED
FILTER PAPER FILTER PAPER BROWN

•WHEN PASSING THROUGH •WHEN ADDED TO KI WHEN STARCH IS ADDED

A SOLUTION OF SOLUTION ,THE COLOUR BECOMES DARK
KBr ,COLOURLESS COLOURLESS SOLUTION BLUE
SOLUTION BECOMES TURNS RED BROWN
BROWN
 HYDROGEN HALIDES

• Hydrogen fluoride has high value of boiling point due to

the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

• The increase in boiling point of HCl to HI is due to the

presesnce of London forces.
 BONDING

• Anhydrous hydrogen halides are covalent bonded.

• For hydrogen electronic configuration is 1s1
• For halogen it is ns2 np5
• Both of them need 1e- to attain the nearest noble gas configuration.
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS

• Hydrogen halides are acids

• HI is the strongest acid and HF the weakest.
REACTION WITH WATER
The hydrogen halides are soluble in water.
They react with water to form ions.

HCl (g) +H2O(l) H3O +(aq) +Cl-

The solutions are acidic because H3O+ ions are formed.
H-I bond is the weakest bond ,so the breaking of this bond is energetically
much favourable.

HI (g) +H2O(l) H3O+(aq) +I- (aq)

• REACTION WITH AMMONIA
• Ammonia is a base,so reacts with hydrogen halides to give ammonium
chloride
• HCl (g) +NH3(g) NH4Cl
• This reaction can be used as atest fo hydrogen halides ,but cannot
distinguish between them.
• HYDROGEN HALIDES AS REDUCING AGENTS
• Hydrogen halides can act as reducing agents.
• HI is the strongest reducing agent.
• During this reaction they oxidised to halogens.
• The general ionic half equation is
• 2HX X2 +2H+ +2e-
• HCl and HF are not strong enough reducing agents.
• The reducing ability of halide ions increases down the group.