TOPICS

POLLUTION
&
OVERPOPULATION ALYSSA JOY G. ENDENCIO
POLLUTION
 PRIOR LEARNING QUIZ

NUMBER STATEMENT TRUE/ FALSE

1. Factories producing goods leads to pollution.

2. Littering has no meaningful impact on the environment.

3. Waste products can safely be buried underground forever with no issues.

4. Pollutants discharged into waterways cause no harm.

 INTRODUCTION

• Pollution is the introduction of harmful

materials into the environment.
• These harmful materials are called
pollutants.
• .Pollutants damage the quality of air,
water, and land.
 LAND POLLUTION

It occurs when waste is not disposed of

properly, or when chemicals are not
used responsibly, leading to soil
contamination and the destruction of
natural landscapes.

We will look at land pollution caused

by
• hazardous waste
• plastics and metal
 HAZARDOUS WASTE

• When hazardous waste like batteries, paint and

chemicals are thrown into landfills, toxic
materials can leak into the soil.

• These materials do not break down and remain in

the soil for a very long time.

• This makes the soil unsafe for growing food or

even being around.
 PLASTICS AND METALS

• Plastics and metals tossed in landfills also cause

soil contamination.

• They do not decompose for hundreds of years.

As they slowly break down they release toxic
chemicals.

• These make their way into soil and groundwater,

spreading the contamination.
 BIOACCUMULATION

• Contaminated soil and water from landfills can

spread far and wide if not contained.

• Growing food in or near these areas absorbs the

toxins. Toxins enter food chains and build up in
larger organisms over time. This is called
bioaccumulation.
 What\to do?....

1. Plant more trees.

2. Reuse materials.
3. Use manure for
agriculture.
4. Cut down on the use of
pesticide.
5. Creating awareness.
6. Waste treatment
 WATER POLLUTION

Water pollution happens when hazardous substances

from human activities contaminate rivers, oceans,
lakes, and other water bodies. This causes harm to
water ecosystems and animals and plants living in
them.

We will look at water pollution caused by

• factories
• oil spills
 FACTORIES

• Factories and industries sometimes illegally

dump waste into rivers and oceans.

• This releases toxins like heavy metals and

chemicals that are very harmful to aquatic life
like fish and plankton.

• It poisons whole ecosystems.

 OIL SPILLS

• Oil spills from ships are another source of water

pollution. Crude oil spreads across the ocean
surface, covering animals and plants in a thick
toxic layer.

• It kills many fish, birds, and sea animals that get

coated by the oil slicks.
 BIOACCUMULATION

• The pollutants industries release into the water

also enter our food chain when seafood gets
exposed.

• Fish and shellfish absorb the toxins, which

accumulate up the food chain.

• This is why eating too much larger fish such as

tuna can potentially cause humans harm.
 What to do?....

How to reduce water pollution

Don't drain certain products down your
sink or toilet. When cleaning chemicals,
medicines, or oils reach a water supply,
they can be difficult to remove.
Use less plastic.
Conserve water.
Prevent runoff.
Cut down on pesticides and herbicides.
Pick up pet waste
.
 AIR POLLUTION

Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants like

chemicals, particulates and biological molecules into
the Earth's atmosphere. It causes harm to humans,
animals and the environment.

We will look at air pollution caused by

• Power plants
• Transportation
 POWER PLANTS

Power plants that burn coal

and gas release chemicals
like sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen oxides into the air.
 TRANSPORTATION

• Automobiles, planes, trucks

etc. which burn gasoline and
diesel release many air
pollutants like particulate
matter, nitrogen oxides and
carbon monoxide.
 EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION

• Unlike water or soil pollution, air pollutants

generally do not accumulate in food chains.

• Air pollutants can cause health issues like

respiratory diseases and cardiovascular
problems.

• They also lead to environmental issues like

smog, damage to crops, acid rain and climate
change.
 PREVENTION

What you can do about air pollution

Drive your car less.
Keep your car in good repair.
Turn off your engine.
Don't burn your garbage.
Limit backyards fire in the city.
Plant and care for trees.
Switch to electric or hand-powered
lawn equipment.
Use less energy.
 PREVENTIONS

How do we control environmental

pollution?
Environmental pollution controls often
include the management of land
development and the design of
transportation systems so as to reduce
pollution. Environmental planning, the
management of land development, and the
design of transportation systems are key
components of environmental pollution
control.
OVERPOPULATION
 Overpopulation is the state whereby
the human population rises to an extent
exceeding the carrying capacity of the ecological
setting. In an overpopulated environment, the
numbers of people might be more than the
available essential materials for survival such as
transport, water, shelter, food or social
amenities.
Why is overpopulation a problem?
 Overpopulated areas struggle to
produce enough food to feed their
populations, leading to food
insecurity and malnutrition.
 Causes of Overpopulation
 One primary cause of overpopulation in the
Philippines is the lack of family planning
and education. The country has been
struggling to provide comprehensive
reproductive health services and access to
contraception. As stated by Singh et al. (2011)
 Second, poverty is another major root
cause of overpopulation. The
Philippines faces significant economic
disparities, with a considerable
portion of the population living below
the poverty line.
 Third, limited employment
opportunities play a crucial role in
overpopulation. (De Silva and Ray,
2021).
 Lastly, cultural and religious factors
can also contribute to overpopulation
by shaping societal attitudes towards
family size. (De Silva and Ray, 2021).
 Effects of Overpopulation
The effects of overpopulation can be significant and
wide-ranging. Some of the key effects include:
1. Strain on Resources:
Overpopulation can lead to increased
demand for resources such as food, water,
energy, and housing. This can result in
resource scarcity, competition, and
unequal distribution of resources.
 Effects of Overpopulation
2. Environmental Impact:
 The growing population puts pressure on
natural ecosystems and contributes to
deforestation, habitat destruction, pollution,
and the depletion of natural resources. It can
also lead to increased carbon emissions and
climate change.
 Effects of Overpopulation
3. Social and Economic Challenges:
Overpopulation can strain social systems,
including healthcare, education, and
infrastructure. It can lead to overcrowding,
unemployment, poverty, and social
inequality.
 Effects of Overpopulation
4. Loss of Biodiversity:
The expansion of human populations can lead
to the loss of biodiversity as natural habitats are
destroyed to make way for human settlements
and agriculture. This can result in the extinction
or decline of plant and animal species.
 SOLUTIONS OR PREVENTIONS

Addressing overpopulation requires a

multi-faceted approach and a
combination of strategies. Some
potential solutions include:
 SOLUTIONS OR PREVENTIONS
1. Access to Education and Family Planning:
Providing education, particularly for girls,
and improving access to family planning
methods can help empower individuals to
make informed choices about family
size and reduce birth rates.
 SOLUTIONS OR PREVENTIONS
2. Sustainable Development:
Promoting sustainable development
practices that prioritize the efficient use of
resources, renewable energy, and
environmentally friendly technologies can
help mitigate the negative impacts of
overpopulation.
 SOLUTIONS OR PREVENTIONS
3. Conservation and Preservation:
Protecting and preserving natural
habitats and biodiversity through the
establishment of protected areas,
sustainable land use practices,
and conservation initiatives
can help maintain ecological balance.
 SOLUTIONS OR PREVENTIONS
4. Economic Opportunities: Creating
opportunities for economic growth, job
creation, and income generation can
help alleviate poverty and reduce
population growth
rates.
 It's important to note that discussions
around overpopulation are complex and can
vary depending on regional and cultural
contexts. Efforts to address overpopulation
should consider the unique circumstances
and needs of different communities.