ULCER AND ITS TYPES

Presentation by:

KASHAF FATIMA 20-ARID-2731

LAIBA ILYAS 20-ARID-2733
 OUTLINE
 ULCER GENTAL ULCER
TYPES OF ULCER TREATMENT THROUGH
ARTERIAL ULCER NUTRITION
VENOUS ULCER FOOD TO CHOOSE
PEPTIC ULCER FOOD TO AVOID
MOUTH ULCER
 ULCER

A break on the skin, in the lining of an GI tract, or

on the surface of a tissue.
◦ An ulcer forms when the surface cells become
inflamed, die, and are shed.
◦ Ulcers range from small, painful sores in the mouth to
bedsores and serious lesions of the stomach or
intestine.
TYPES OF ULCER

◦ Arterial Ulcer
◦ Venous Ulcer
◦ Peptic Ulcer
◦ Mouth Ulcer
◦ Genital Ulcer
 ARTERIAL ULCER
A punched-out look, usually round in shape, with
well-defined, even wound margins.
◦ Also called as Ischemic ulcer.
◦ Mostly in lower extremities because of the increased distance
blood must travel to reach those areas.
◦ Begin as small, shallow wounds.
DIAGNOSIS:
◦ Capillary refill time
◦ A Buerger test
◦ Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)
◦ Transcutaneous oximetry

TREATMENT:
◦ Lifestyle changes
◦ Wound care. Use of gels e.g., IntraSite Gel, wound
adhesive e.g, Allevyn Non-Adhesive.
◦ Treating wound infection.
◦ Surgery or medicine to increase circulation to the area
◦ Doxycycline, Clarithromycin
 VENOUS ULCER
Shallow sore with a red base, sometimes covered by yellow
tissue. Unevenly shaped borders.
Surrounding skin may be shiny, tight, warm or hot, and
discolored.
◦ Venous ulcers develop from damage to the veins caused by
an insufficient return of blood back to the heart.
DIAGNOSIS:
◦ discoloured or hardened skin
around the ulcer, and the sore may
produce a foul-smelling discharge.
◦ a dull ache, tenderness or pain in
the legs, swelling, eczema of the
surrounding skin, varicose veins,
and hyperpigmentation.

TREATMENT:
◦ Compression therapy
◦ simple non‑adherent dressings
◦ Vaseline-Glucose paste
◦ Medicines e.g., Doxycycline,
Clarithromycin etc.
 PEPTIC ULCER

Discontinuation in the inner lining of the gastrointestinal

(GI) tract.
◦ It extends into the muscularis propria layer of the gastric
epithelium.
◦ It is associated with pepsin along with HCl in stomach lining.
◦ It may occur in the stomach proximal duodenum, lower
esophagus, distal duodenum, or jejunum.
TYPES OF PEPTIC ULCER
◦ GASTRIC ULCER:
It is the peptic ulcer of the stomach.
◦ DUODENAL ULCER:
It occurs in the first part of intestine.
◦ ESOPHAGEAL ULCER:
It occurs inside the hollow tube
(esophagus).
 CAUSES OF PEPTIC ULCER:
◦ Helicobacter pylori
◦ NSAID( Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs) e.g., ibuprofen,
aspirin.
◦ Pain relieving medications such as naproxen and fosamax etc.
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

•Abdominal pain
•Nausea
• Vomiting blood
• Blood in your stool or dark stools
• Pain in your back
• Constipation
• Bad breath
• Unintentional weight loss.
WARNING SYMPTOMS

Progressive dysphagia
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Iron deficiency anemia
Recurrent emesis
Family history of upper gastrointestinal malignancy
 DIAGNOSIS:
◦ Test of H. pylori
◦ Endoscopy
◦ Barium swallow or upper
gastrointestinal series X-ray.

TREATMENT:
◦ Antisecretory drugs which include H2-receptor antagonists
and the proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) and incorporated
with calcium supplements .
◦ Pantoprazole, Clarithromycin, Metronidazole, Levofloxacin
or Amoxicillin
◦ Surgical Treatment : Surgical options include vagotomy,
actrectomy and pyloplasty.
 MOUTH ULCER
◦ A mouth ulcer is a sore that develops in the soft tissue
lining of your gums, tongue, inner cheeks, lips or palate.
◦ biting the inside of your cheek. badly fitting dentures,
braces, rough fillings or a sharp tooth. cuts or burns while
eating or drinking – for example, hard food or hot drinks.
 GENITAL ULCER
◦ open sore located on the genital area, which includes the
vulva, penis, perianal region, or anus.
◦ small, red, or flesh-colored bumps and blisters. Sores may
also change appearance and become crusty or larger.
TREATMENT THROUGH NUTRITION

•High fiber diet such apples , pears and oatmeal etc.

• Polyphenols healers such as Berries, apples, grapes, and
pomegranates
•Diet rich in vegetables, fruits and whole grains.
•Food packed with antioxidant power.
REFERENCE

◦ https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd
=&ved=2ahUKEwiS_cP59P73AhVN3IUKHa-
◦ ADnEQFnoECAMQAw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthline.com
%2Fhealth%2Fnatural-home-remedies-
ulcers&usg=AOvVaw281v2QoAhrAnJ-ljtgxoXg
◦ https://
www.healthline.com/health/types-of-ulcers#stomach-ulcer-symptoms
◦ Ulcer of the lower extremity
◦ https://dermnetnz.org/topics/arterial-ulcer