MACHINE LEARNING

Machine Learning – Definition

• Machine Learning is the field of study that gives

computers the capability to learn without being explicitly
programmed.
• ML is one of the most exciting technologies that one
would have ever come across. As it is evident from the
name, it gives the computer that makes it more similar to
humans: The ability to learn. Machine learning is actively
being used today, perhaps in many more places than one
would expect
Key Elements of machine learning

• 1) Data Models
• 2) Algorithms
• 3) Data Sets
• 4) Features and Feature Extraction Techniques
• 5) Tunable Machine Learning and Advanced Threats
Classification of Machine Learning

• Supervised learning
• Unsupervised learning
• Reinforcement learning
• Semi-supervised learning
Categorizing on the basis of required Output

• Another categorization of machine learning tasks arises

when one considers the desired output of a machine-
learned system:
• Classification : When inputs are divided into two or more
classes, and the learner must produce a model that
assigns unseen inputs to one or more (multi-label
classification) of these classes.
• Regression : Which is also a supervised problem, A case
when the outputs are continuous rather than discrete.
• Clustering : When a set of inputs is to be divided into
groups. Unlike in classification, the groups are not known
beforehand, making this typically an unsupervised task.
Supervised learning

• Supervised learning as the name indicates the presence

of a supervisor as a teacher.
• Supervised learning is a learning in which we teach or
train the machine using data which is well labeled that
means some data is already tagged with the correct
answer.
• The machine is provided with a new set of examples(data)
so that supervised learning algorithm analyses the training
data(set of training examples) and produces a correct
outcome from labeled data.
• Supervised learning classified into two categories of algorithms:
• Classification: A classification problem is when the output variable
is a category, such as “Red” or “blue” or “disease” and “no disease”.
• Regression: A regression problem is when the output variable is a
real value, such as “dollars” or “weight”.
•
• List of Common supervised Algorithms
• Nearest Neighbor
• Naive Bayes
• Decision Trees
• Linear Regression
• Support Vector Machines (SVM)
• Neural Networks
Unsupervised learning

• Unsupervised learning is the training of machine using

information that is neither classified nor labeled and
allowing the algorithm to act on that information without
guidance.
• The task of machine is to group unsorted information
according to similarities, patterns and differences without
any prior training of data.
• Unlike supervised learning, no teacher is provided that
means no training will be given to the machine. Therefore
machine is restricted to find the hidden structure in
unlabeled data by our-self.
• Unsupervised learning classified into two categories of
algorithms:
• Clustering: A clustering problem is where you want to
discover the inherent groupings in the data, such as
grouping customers by purchasing behavior.
• Association: An association rule learning problem is
where you want to discover rules that describe large
portions of your data, such as people that buy X also tend
to buy Y.
•
• List of Common Algorithms
• k-means clustering, Association Rules
Application of machine learning
• Email spam detection
• Face detection and matching (e.g., iPhone X)
• Web search (e.g., DuckDuckGo, Bing, Google)
• Sports predictions
• Post office (e.g., sorting letters by zip codes)
• ATMs (e.g., reading checks)
• Credit card fraud
• Stock predictions
• Smart assistants (Apple Siri, Amazon Alexa, . . . )
• Product recommendations (e.g., Netflix, Amazon)
• Self-driving cars (e.g., Uber, Tesla)
• Language translation (Google translate)
• Sentiment analysis
• Drug design
• Medical diagnoses