DRUG-EDUCATION-AND-VICE-CONTROL

DRUG EDUCATION, Vice
and Control
ARJANE C. ALTIZEN
ASSIGNMENT-1
1. DRUG SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

Overview
Anti drug laws strategies in the Philippines
HISTORY OF DRUG ABUSE
The use of chemical substances that alter psychological

and physiological functions dates back to the old stone
age.
EGYPTIAN RELICS(3500 BC)- depict the use of opium in
religious rituals.
By 1600 BC-an Egyptian reference work listed opium as
an analgesic or pain killer
The Incas of South America-were known to have used
cocaine at least 5000 years ago.
Cannabis-a hemp plant which marijuana and hashis are
derived are also 5000 year history.
Since antiquity- people have cultivated a variety of drugs for religious,

medicinal, and social purposes.
Modern drug abuse began with the use of drugs for medicinal purposes.
 By the nineteenth century, the two components of opium, which were derived from the
opium poppy, were identified and given the names, morphine and codeine. Ignorant of the
addictive properties of these drugs, physicians used them to treat a wide variety of human
illnesses. So great was their popularity that they found their way into almost all patient
medication used for pain relief and were even incorporated in soothing syrups for babies.
During World Wars I and II, the use of injectable morphine to ease the pain of
battle casualties was so extensive that morphine addiction among veterans came
to be known as the soldier's disease. By the time the medical profession and the
public recognized how addictive morphine was, its use had reached epidemic
proportions.
 Then in 1898, the Bayer Drug Company in Germany introduced a new opiate,
supposedly a non-addictive substitute for morphine and codeine. It came out
under the trade name "heroin," yet it proved to be even more addictive than
morphine.
When cocaine, which was isolated from the coca leaf in 1869, appeared on the international
drug scene, it too was used for medicinal purposes. Its popularity spread and soon it was
used in other products, a variety of gin tonics, and the most famous of all, Coca-Cola, which
was made with coca until 1903.
Abuse of marijuana began to arouse public concern during the 1930s in other foreign
countries. Because marijuana use was associated with groups outside the social mainstream
- petty criminals, jazz musicians, bohemians - a public outcry for its regulation arose.
Despite the law, the popularity of marijuana continued. As the drugs being abused included
glue, tranquilizers, such as Valium and Librium, LSD, amphetamines, and many others, the
public became increasingly aware of the dangers of drug abuse.
DEFINITION OF "DRUG"
"Drug" is any chemical substance that by virtue its chemical nature alters the structure and
functioning of a living organism.
Are All Drugs Harmful?

-Any drug may be harmful when abused. The fact that many drugs will produce beneficial
results has led some people to feel that drugs will solve all problems. Drugs that affect the mind
can have subtle or obvious side effects which can be immediate or may only become evident
after continuous use.
There are drugs that are taken as medicines. But certain drugs are taken not as medicines but to
satisfy a craving or a strong desire and taking them becomes an ingrained habit. These habit
forming drugs have brought misery to millions of people in every part of the globe.
Seven Categories of Drugs
1. Herbal Drugs
These are plant substances that have drug effects and whose use is not generally regulated by law.
These substances generally require little processing after the plants are gathered. Although they may
be processed or sold commercially, it is possible for the consumer to prepare the drug for use if it can
be grown locally.
2. Over-the-Counter Drugs
These are commercially-produced drugs that may be purchased legally without prescription. These
drugs are also known as "propriety drugs.“
3. Prescription Drugs
These are commercially-produced drugs that can be legally sold or dispensed only by a physician or
on a physician's orders. They are like over-the-counter drugs in that they are manufactured by
pharmaceutical companies, but they differ in that the decision to use drugs is legally vested in a
licensed physician not in the user.
4. Unrecognized Drugs
These are commercial products that have psychoactive drug effects but are not usually
considered drugs. These substances are not generally regulated by law except insofar as
standards of sanitation and purity are required.
5. Illicit Drugs
These are drugs whose sale, purchase or use is generally prohibited by law. Criminal penalties
usually apply to violators of these laws.
6. Tobacco
This is not generally considered a drug and can thus be classed as an unrecognized drug.
Tobacco, however, holds such a distinct position in terms of usage patterns, economic
importance and health consequences that it merits a category by itself.
7. Alcohol
Alcohol seems to merit its own category, although it too could be included in the unrecognized
drugs category. Alcohol in forms such as beer, wine, and distilled liquors is one of the most
widely-used drugs in the world. It is regarded by many experts as the most commonly-abused
drug.
NATURE OF DRUGS
WHAT ARE DRUGS?

A drug, as defined, is a substance used as a medicine or in making medicines, which affects body
and mind and have potential for abuse. Without an advice or prescription from physician drugs
can be harmful.
Hundreds of pure chemicals have been developed from plants and put into pills, capsules or
liquid medicines.
Drugs also help the human body and mind to function better during an illness. But drugs have to
be taken correctly in order to do these things.
Most drugs can be legally purchased only with doctor's written order called prescription. Only a
medical doctor can prescribe medicinal drugs. These prescribed drugs could be dangerous and
must be used with care and according to the doctor's prescription.
The practice of taking drugs without proper medicinal supervision is called the non-
TWO FORMS OF DRUGS
1. Natural Drugs-include natural plant leaves,

flowering tops, resin, hashish, opium, and
marijuana.
2. Synthetic Drugs -are produced by clandestine
laboratories which include those drugs that are
controlled by law because they are used in the RESIN
medical practice. Physicians prescribe them and
are purchased in the legitimate outlets like
drugstores. HASHISH
PHYSIOLOGY OF DRUGS
How do Drugs Work?

• They are chemicals or substances that change the way our bodies work.
• When you put them into your body drugs find their way into your
bloodstream and are transported to parts of your body, such as your brain.
• In the brain, drugs may either intensify or dull your senses, alter your sense of
alertness, and sometimes decrease physical pain.
AMOUNT OF DRUGS IN A DOSE
Minimal Dose- It is the amount of drug needed to treat or heal, that is, the
smallest amount of a drug that will produce a therapeutic effect.
Maximal Dose-is the largest amount of a drug that will produce desired
therapeutic without accompanying symptoms of toxicity.
Toxic dose-It is the amount of drug that produces untoward effects or
symptoms of poisoning.
Abusive dose-It is the amount of drug needed to produce the side effects and
action desired by an individual who improperly uses it.
Lethal Dose-A lethal dose is an amount of a drug or other agent that will kill a
human or animal if administered.
HOW DRUGS ARE ADMINISTERED?
1. Oral Ingestion
The drug is taken by the mouth and must pass through the stomach before
being absorbed into the bloodstream. This is one of the most common ways of
taking a drug.
2. Injection-this form of drug administration offers a faster response than the
oral method. It makes use of a needle or other device to deliver the drugs
directly into the body tissue and blood circulation.
Injection
The drug can be administered into the body by the use of a syringe
or hypodermic needle in the following ways:
a. Subcutaneous (SC) -A drug is administered by injecting the

drug just below the surface of the skin. This is sometimes called
skin popping.
b. Intramuscular (IM)-Administration involves the injection of a
drug into large muscle mass that has a good blood supply, such
the gluteus maximus, quadriceps, or triceps.
c. Intravenous (IV) -The most efficient means of administration
which depositing a drug directly into the bloodstream. is also the
most rapid method of drug administration.
3. Snorting -Inhalation through the nose of drugs not in gaseous
form. It is done by inhaling a powder or a liquid drug into the nasal
coats of the mucous membrane.
4. Buccal -The drug is administered by placing it in the buccal
cavity just under the lips. The active ingredients of the drug are
absorbed into the bloodstream through the soft tissues lining the
mouth.
5. Suppositories -The drug is administered through the vagina or
rectum in suppository form and the drug is also absorbed into the
bloodstream.
6. IONTOPHORESIS- It is the introduction of drugs into the deeper
layers of the skin by the use of special type of electric current for
local effect.
WHAT IS TOXICOLOGY?
Toxicology is commonly known as the science of poisons, their effects and antidotes. In
connection, drugs may cause dangerous effects because of any of the following:
1. Overdose - when too much of a drug is taken into the physiological system of the
human body, there may be an over extension of its effects.
2. Allergy - some drugs cause the release of histamine giving rise to allergic symptoms
such as dermatitis, swelling, fall in blood pressure, suffocation and death.
3. Idiosyncrasy - it refers to the individual reaction to a drug, food, etc. for unexplained
reasons. Morphine for example, which sedates all men, stimulates and renders some
women maniacal behaviors.
4. Poisonous Property - drugs are chemicals and some of them
have the property of being general protoplasmic (substance of
living cell) poisons.
5. Side Effects - some drugs are not receptors for one organ but
receptors of other organs as well. The effect in the other organs may
constitute a side effect, which are most of the time unwanted.
IMPORTANCE OF DRUGS
Drugs are medicines and the best use of medicine depends upon the physician,
the user or patient, and the pharmacist. This idea was subscribed to by both Metro
Manila Physicians (PNC Health Education Survey, 1983) and the Pharmaceutical
Manufacturer's Association of Washington, D.C. (U.P ., MEC, DDB 1979). Their
common agreements on the intelligent use of drugs are presented as follows:
1. Take medicines on doctor's advice. In prescribing medicine, the doctor
considers factors like age and weight, prevalent signs and symptoms, severity of
the disease, results of laboratory examinations, route of administration tolerated
by patient, and presence of impairment in the organ or system. The physician has
always a reason for his orders.
2. When taking prescribed medicines, remember carefully the dosage,
manner of administration, frequency and time when to take it. Patient
must not trust his memory when taking medicine. The label of the
medicine should be read three times once when medicine is remove
from cabinet, again before medicine is taken and a third time after it is
taken. Medicine should not be taken in the dark even if patient knows
its location.
3. If patient goes to more than one doctor, each one of them must
know about all the drugs being taken.
4. Avoid self-medication. Patient should not try to guess what is
wrong with him or to select his own medicines even if his symptoms
seem to be familiar to those of his neighbor.
5. Report any untoward effects of medicine to the physician. After

taking medicine, tell the doctor if any symptoms develop.
6. Patient should not take additional drugs without asking his

physician.
7. See whether the medicine has expired or not.
8. Be sure that the label stays on a prescription container until all is

used.
9. Store medicine in a safe, cool and dry place and out of reach of
children.
10. Some people just purchase and use common drugs without
knowing their functions and contradictions. Thus, instead of being
relieved of some symptoms, their conditions are aggravated.
Physicians share the same opinion that the following drugs are better
used under medical supervision to avoid harmful consequences and
habit formation.
WHAT ARE THE MEDICAL USES OF DRUG?
1. Analgesics - are drugs that relieve pain. However, they may produce the
opposite effects on somebody who suffers form peptic ulcer or gastric
irritation.
2. Antibiotics - are drugs that combat or control infectious organisms.
Ingesting the same antibiotics for a long time can result in allergic reactions
and cause resistance to the drug.
3. Antipyretics - those that can lower body temperature or fever due to
infection.
4. Antihistamines - those that control or combat allergic reactions.
People who on antihistamine therapy must not operate or drive vehicles
since these drugs can cause drowsiness.
5. Contraceptives - drugs that prevent the meeting of the egg cell and
sperm cell or prevent the ovary from releasing egg cells. Pregnant
women must not take birth control pills to avoid congenital
abnormalities. This advice also applies to women suffering from heart
disease, varicose veins, breast limps, goiter and anemia. The
effectiveness of oral contraceptives may be reduced when taken with
antibiotic.
6.Decongestants - those that relieve congestion of the nasal passages.

Prolonged used of these decongestants might include nasal congestion upon
withdrawal.
7. Expectorants - those that can ease the expulsion of mucus and
phlegm from the lungs and the throat. They are not drugs of choice for
the newborn that does not know to cough the phlegm out.
8. Laxatives - those that stimulate defecation and encourage bowel

movement. They should not be given to pregnant women and those
suffering from intestinal obstruction. Taking purgatives (stronger than
laxatives) unnecessarily might result in rupture of the intestines or
appendix if there is an obstruction. Constant use might make the
intestines sluggish.
9. Sedatives and Tranquilizers - are those that can calm and quiet the
nerves and relieve anxiety without causing depression and clouding of
the mind. Precautions must be taken in the use of tranquilizers since
they can cause impairment of judgment and dexterity.
10. Vitamins - those substances necessary for normal growth and development
and proper functioning of he body. A person who eats a balanced diet does not
need supplements. If they are found necessary, vitamin preparations should be
taken with meals. Vitamins should be treated as drugs since the body does not
manufacture them. Excessive dosage of vitamins A and D can be dangerous and
harmful to health. Excess of vitamin D can lead to nausea, diarrhea, and weight
loss, calcification and heart and kidney troubles. Too much vitamin A might result
in symptoms of a disease of the liver.
TERMS AND DRUG ABUSE JARGONS
A. TERMS TO PONDER IN THE STUDY OF DRUG ABUSE

Administer.-The act of introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any person
with or without his knowledge.
Chemical. -It is any substance taken into the body that alters the way and the mind
and the bodywork.
Chemical Abuse.-It is an instances when the use of chemical has produced negative
or harmful consequences.
Cultivate-It means the act of knowingly planting, growing, raising or permitting the
planting, growing, raising of any plant which is the source of a prohibited drug.
Drug- Traditionally, drugs are synthetic chemicals used as medicine
or in the making of medicines, which affects the body and mind and
have potential for abuse. Drugs in its criminological meaning, refers
to substances, other than food and water that is intended to be taken
or administered for the purpose of altering, sustaining or controlling
recipient's physical, mental or emotional state.
Drug Abuse-It is the illegal, wrongful or improper use of any drug.
Drug Addiction-It refers to the state of periodic or chronic

intoxication produced by the repeated consumption of a drug.
Drug Dependence. It refers drugs to the following state of the
psychic administration or physical or dependence or both on
dangerous use of that drug. WHO defines it as the periodic,
continuous, repeated administration of a drug.
Drug Experimenter. One who illegally, wrongfully, or improperly

uses any narcotic substances for reasons of curiosity, peer pressure, or
other similar reasons.
Drug Syndicate. It is a network of illegal drug operations operated

and manned carefully by groups of criminals who knowingly traffic
through nefarious trade for personal or group profit.
Manufacture. The production, preparation, compounding or
processing a dangerous drug either directly or indirectly or by
extraction from substances of natural origin or by chemical synthesis.
Narcotic Drug. Refers to illegally used drugs or dangerous drugs

which are either prohibited or regulated drugs. It also refers to drugs
that produces sleep or stupor and relieves pain due to its depressant "
effect on the CNS. The term Narcotic comes from the Greek word
"narcotikos". It is sometimes known as "opiates".
Physical Dependence. An adaptive state caused by repeated drug use
that reveals it self by development of intense physical symptoms
when the drug is stopped (withdrawal syndrome).
Psychological Dependence. An attachment to drug use arises from
a drug ability to satisfy some emotional or personality needs of an
individual.
Pusher. Any person who sell, administer, deliver or give away to

another, distribute, transport any dangerous drug.
Rehabilitation. It is a dynamic process directed towards the

changes of the health of the person to prepare him from his fullest
life potentials and capabilities, and making him law abiding and
productive member of the community without abusing drugs.
Tolerance. It is the tendency to increase dosage of drugs to
maintain the same effect in the body.
Treatment. A medical service rendered to a client for the

effective management of his total condition related to drug
abuse. It deals with the physiological and psychosocial
complications arising from drug abuse.
Use. The act of injecting, consuming, any dangerous drugs. The

means of introducing the dangerous drug into the physiological
system of the body.
B. DRUG ABUSE JARGONS
JARGONS MEANING
OPIATE NARCOTIC
ON-THE-NOD/ NODDING SUSPENDID SLEEP
MAINLINE/TO SHOOT INECTING A DRUG INTO THE VEIN
A HIT SLANG FOR INJECTION OF DRUGS
WORK APPARATUS FOR INJECTING A DRUG
A FIX ONE INJECTION OF OPIATE
JUNI HEROIN
JUNKIE AN OPIATE ADDICT
SKIN POPPING TO INJECT A DRUG UNDER THE SKIN
A BAG A POCKET OF DRUG
JARGONS MEANING
COLD TURKEY WITHRAWAL EFFECTS OF OPIATES USE
TRACK SCARS ON THE SKIN DUE TO INJECTION
OVERDOSE DEATH OCCURRED
SPEED AMPHETAMINES
SPEED FREAKS AMPHETAMINE ADDICTS
UPPERS STREET SLANG FOR AMPHETAMINES
RUSH THE BEGINNING OF HIGH
HIGH UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DRUGS
COKE STREET SLANG FOR COCAINE
FLASHBACK DRUG USE AFTER STOPPAGE
JARGONS MEANING
ACID SLANG TERM FOR LSD
ACID HEAD LSD USER
DROP TAKING DRUG ORALLY
JOINT AN MJ CIGAR
ROACH BUTT END OF A JOINT
STONED INTOXICATING EFFECT OF A DRUG
TRIP REACTION THAT IS CAUSED BY DRUGS
HEAD DRUG USER
DOWNER STREET SLANG FOR DEPRESSANT
A. WHAT IS DRUG TRAFFICKING?
Drug Trafficking is also known as Illegal Drug Trade. It is a global black

market activity consisting of production, distribution, packaging and sale of
illegal psychoactive substances.
It simply involves smuggling across borders, and distribution within the
demand country. This set up applies in the local scene where local producers'
scouts demand areas for their illegal drug trade.
Some Techniques Used By Drug Traders When
Crossing Borders:
1. Avoiding border checks, such as by small ships, small aircraft, and through overland
smuggling routes
2. Submitting to border checks with the drugs hidden in a vehicle, between other
merchandise, in luggage, in or under clothes, inside the body, etc.
3. Buying off diplomats to smuggle drugs in diplomatic mail/luggage, to avoid border
checks.
NOTE:
A mule is a lower-echelon criminal recruited by a smuggling organization to cross a border
carrying drugs, or sometimes unknowing person in whose bag or vehicle the drugs are
planted, for the purpose of retrieving them elsewhere.
Two Primary Means Of Distribution
1. HIERARCHY LAYOUT-A hierarchical arrangement includes the

manufacturer who uses his own men to smuggle, wholesale and store, and
distributes the drugs.
2. HUB-AND-SPOKE LAYOUT-takes advantage of local gangs and other
localized criminal organizations. The cartel is at the center, with satellite
organizations that may provide certain services to the manufacturer, and then
there is a plurality of distinct groups, each with its own chain. Smuggling is
also often accomplished via small boats and yachts, air vehicles, and by gangs
paid with some of the merchandise. Sometimes small aircraft are disposed of
and destroyed (burnt) immediately after the unloading process.
B. THE DRUG SYNDICATES
A drug syndicate is a group of organized and professional criminals with a

formal hierarchy of organization set in illicit drug trade. It is also otherwise
known as "a drug cartel". It is perhaps one of the most important reasons why
international drug trafficking is hardly to control because of their involvement
in the illicit drug trade.
Known World's Notorious Drug Syndicate
1. Columbian Medellin Cartel- founded during the 1980's by Colombian

drug lords Pablo Escobar Gaviria and drug bosses /Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez
Gacha and the top aid cocaine barons Juan David and the Ochoa Brothers.
The cartel is reputedly responsible for organizing world's drug trafficking
network.
The Columbian government with the aid of the United States succeeded in
containing the Medellin Cartel, which resulted in the death, surrender, and
arrest of the people behind the organization. This further resulted to the
disbandment of the Cartel led to its downfall.
2. Cali Cartel -was another drug cartel based in the south part of Colombia,
around the city of Cali. According to some estimates at its height the Cali Cartel
controlled 80% of the cocaine exports from Colombia to the United States.
Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela founded the Cali Cartel in the 1970s with his
brother Miguel Rodriguez Orejuela, Jose Santacruz Londono and Helmer
"Pacho" Herrera.
During the height of Pablo Escobar's Medellin Cartel, the two engaged in
constant conflict. The Cali Cartel helped fund the vigilante group Los Pepes, who
fought against Escobar under the banner of persecution, although they were
funded by Escobar's rivals. Some observers consider the cartel to have
fragmented somewhat in recent years, and that it does not hold as much power as
it once did, due to law enforcement efforts and the emergence of smaller cartels,
though many of its newer members and drug trade routes still continue to
operate.
3. Norte del Valle Cartel- or North Valley Cartel, is a drug cartel which
operated principally in the north of the Valle del Cauea region of Colombia. It
rose to prominence during the second half of the 1990s, after the Cali Cartel and
the Medellin Cartel fragmented, and became known as one of the most powerful
organizations involved in the illegal drugs trade.
The leading drug lords of the Norte del Valle cartel included Diego Leon
Montoya Sanchez, alias "Don Diego", Wilber Varela, alias "Jabon" ("Soap"), and
Hernando Gomez Bustamante, alias "Rasguῆo" ("Scratch").
Diego Montoya was part of the list containing the FBI's Ten Most Wanted
Fugitives. Other organized crime groups involved in the control of illicit drug
trade are:
The Chinese Mafia known as the Triad, the Cosa Nostra based in the United
States, Octopus Napolitan Camorra based in Europe, the Yakuza of Japan, the
Sicilian Mafia of Italy, and some locally organized crime group in the country.
WORLDWIDE DRUG OUTLOOK
ILLICIT DRUG ROUTES (Figure 1. First Important Drug Traffic Route)
MIDDLE EAST
DISCOVERY, PLANTATION, CULTIVATION, HARVEST
TURKEY
PREPARATION FOR DISTRIUTION
EUROPE
MANUFACTURE, SYNTHESIS, REFINE
UNITED STATES
MARKETING , DISTRIBUTION
ILLICIT DRUG ROUTES (The Second Major Drug Traffic Route )

1. Drugs that originates form the Golden Triangle.
THAILAND In Southeast Asia- the "Golden Triangle" approximately
produced 60% of opium in the world and 90% percent of
opium in the eastern part of Asia. It is also the officially
LAOS MYANMA acknowledged source of Southeast Asian Heroin. Heroin
R is produced in the Golden Triangle and passes through
nearby countries in relatively small quantities through air
transport while in transit to the United States and the
European countries.
ILLICIT DRUG ROUTES (The Second Major Drug Traffic Route )

2. Drugs that originates from the Golden Crescent.
In Southwest Asia- the "Golden Crescent" is the

AFGHANISTA
N major supplier of opium poppy, MJ and Heroin
PAKISTAN
IRAN
products in the western part of Asia. It produces
INDIA at least 85% to 90% of all illicit heroin
channeled n the drug underworld market.
World Wide Perspective
1. Middle East- the Becka Valley of Lebanon is considered to be the biggest producer of
cannabis in the Middle East. Lebanon also became the transit country for cocaine from
South America to European illicit drug markets.
2. Spain-is known as the major transshipment point for international drug traffickers in
Europe-and became "the paradise of drug users in Europe".
3. South America- Columbia, Peru, Uruguay, and Panama are the principal sources all
cocaine supply in the world due the robust production of the coca plants-source of the
cocaine drug.
4. Morocco- is known in the world to be the number one producer of marijuana (cannabis
sativa)-(2006 UNDCP Report). However, Mexico still a major producer of cannabis.
5. Philippines -is second to Morocco as to the production of marijuana. It also
became the major transshipment point for the worldwide distribution of illegal
drugs particularly shabu and cocaine from Taiwan and South America. It is also
noted that Philippines today is known as the drug paradise of drug abusers in
Asia.
6. India- is" the center of the world's drug map, leading to rapid addiction among
its people.
7. Indonesia- Northern Sumatra has traditionally been the main cannabis

growing area in Indonesia. Bali Indonesia is an important transit point for drugs
en route to Australia and New Zealand.
8. Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand- are the most favorable sites of drug
distribution from the "Golden Triangle" and other parts of Asia.
9. China- is the transit route for heroin form the "Golden Triangle"
to Hong Kong. It also the country where the "epedra" plant is
cultivated source of the drug ephedrine - the principal chemical for
producing the drug Shabu.
10. Hong Kong - is the world's transshipment point of all forms of

heroin.
11. Japan - became the major consumer of cocaine and Shabu from
the United States and Europe.
“Conquer drugs, don’t let drugs conquer you”
“Drugs can’t make you a winner but always a looser”
“Take care of your child now before drugs do”
“Drug abusers do not grow old because they die
young”
THE DANGEROUS DRUGS IDENTITIES
Dangerous drugs- refer to the broad categories or classes of controlled

substances. Controlled substances are generally grouped according to
pharmacological classifications, effects and as to their legal criteria.
Under the Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Law in the Philippines (R.A.
9165), dangerous drugs includes- those listed in the schedules annexed to the
1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as amended by the 1972 Protocol,
and the schedules annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on Psychotropic
Substances (Art 1, Sec. 3). As an example: MMDA -
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (known as Ecstacy), Tetrahydrocannabinol
(MJ); Mescaline (Peyote).
General Drug Classification
According to effects.
According to medical pharmacology.
According to Legal Categories (In accordance to R. A. 6425). Pursuant to

Republic Act No. 6425, the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972.
General Drug Classification According To Effects
1. Depressants - are group of drugs that has the effect of depressing the
Central nervous System.
2. Stimulants - are group of drugs having the effect of stimulating the Central
nervous system.
3. Hallucinogens - refers to the group of drugs that are considered to be mind
altering drugs and give the general effect of mood distortion.
General Drug Classification According To
Pharmacology
1. Hallucinogens
These are drugs capable of provoking sensation thinking, self-awareness and emotion.
Alterations of time and space perceptions, illusions, hallucinations and delusions, may be
minimal or overwhelming depending on the dose. The results are very variable, a good trip or a
bad trip may occur in the same person on different occasions. LSD, marijuana and mescaline
are some of the most popular hallucinogens.
2. Stimulants
These are drugs which increase alertness, reduce hunger and provide a feeling of well-being.
Cocaine and amphetamines are the most common stimulants.
Pharmacology
3. Depressants
These are drugs which decrease or depress body functions and nerve activity. This group
includes sedatives, hypnotics and tranquilizers.
4. Narcotics
These are drugs which produce insensitivity, stupor, melancholy or dullness of mind with
delusions. Opium, heroin, codeine and morphine are some of the most popular narcotics.
Pharmacology
5.Tranquilizers- also spelled Tranquillizer, drug that is used to reduce anxiety, fear,
tension, agitation, and related states of mental disturbance.
6. Solvents /Inhalants-Inhalants are volatile substances that produce chemical vapors

that can be inhaled to induce a psychoactive, or mind-altering, effect. The term inhalant
is used because these substances are rarely, if ever, used by any other means. These
substances are common household, industrial, or medical products.
According to Legal Categories
1. Prohibited Drugs
Narcotics - refers to the group of the drug opium and it derivatives, Morphine, Heroin,
Codeine, etc. including synthetic opiates.
Stimulants - refers to the group of the drug Cocaine, Alpha and Beta Eucaine, etc.
Hallucinogens - refers to the group of drugs like Marijuana, LSD (lysergic acid
diethylamide), mescaline, etc.
2. Regulated Drugs
 Barbiturates - refers to the group of depressant drug known as "Veronal"

like Luminal, Amytal, Nembutal, Surital, Butisol, Penthontal, Seconal, etc.
 Hypnotics - are group of drugs such as Mandrax, Quaalude, Fadormir, and

others.
 Amphetamines - are group of stimulant drugs like Benzedrine, Dexedrine,

Methedrine, Preludin, etc.
3. Volatile Substances (P.D. 1619)
The group of liquid, solid or mixed substances having the property

of releasing toxic vapors or fumes which when sniffed, smelled,
inhaled or introduced into the physiological system of the body
produces or induces a condition of intoxication, excitement or
dulling of the brain or nervous system. Examples of these drugs
are Glue, Gasoline, Kerosene, Ether, Paint, Thinner, Lacquer, etc.
NOTE: The passage of Republic Act 9165, Comprehensive Dangerous Drug

Law declassified the above legal classification into one whole definition of
dangerous drugs to include their essential ingredients and precursors or
chemical elements.
CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS
(According to Effect)
1. The Depressants (Downers)

These are drugs which suppress vital body functions especially those of the brain or
central nervous system with the resulting impairment of judgment, hearing, speech and
muscular coordination. They dull the minds, slow down the body reactions to such an
extent that accidental deaths and/or suicides usually happen. They include the narcotics,
barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol and other volatile solvents. These drugs, when taken in,
generally decrease both the mental and the physical activities of the body. They cause
depression, relieve pain and induce sedation or sleep and suppress cough.
Examples of Depressants or Downers
a. Narcotics - are drugs, which relieve pain and produce profound sleep or stupor when
introduced to the body. Medically, they are potent painkillers, cough depressants and as
an active component of anti diarrhea preparations. Opium and it derivatives like
morphine, codeine and heroin, as well as the synthetic opiates, meperidine and
methadone, are classified as narcotics.
b. Opium - derived from a poppy plant - Papaver somniferum popularly known as "gum",
"gamot", "kalamay" or "panocha". A plant that can grow from 3 to 6 ft in height
originally in Mesopotamia. Its active ingredient is the "meconic" acid - the analgesic
property.
c. Morphine - most commonly used and best used opiate. Effective as a painkiller six times
potent than opium, with a high dependence producing potential. Morphine exerts action
characterized by analgesia, drowsiness, mood changes, and mental clouding.
d. Heroin - is three to five times more powerful than morphine from which it is
derived and the most addicting opium derivative. With continued use,
addiction occurs within 14 days. It may be sniffed on swallowed but is
usually injected in the veins.
e. Codeine - a derivative of morphine, commonly available in cough
preparations. These cough medicines have been widely abused by the youth
whenever hard narcotics are difficult to obtain. Withdrawal symptoms are less
severe than other drugs.
f. Paregoric - a tincture of opium in combination with camphor. Commonly
used as a household remedy for diarrhea and abdominal pain.
g. Demerol and Methadone – are common synthetic drugs with morphine -
like effects. Demerol is widely used as a painkiller in childbirth while
methadone is the drug of choice in the withdrawal treatment of heroin
dependents since it relieves the physical craving for heroin.
h. Barbiturates - are drugs used for inducing sleep in persons plagued with
anxiety, mental stress, and insomnia. They are also of value in the treatment
of epilepsy and hypertension. They are available in capsules, pills or tablets,
and taken orally or injected.
i. Seconal - commonly used among hospitality girls. Sudden withdrawal from

these drugs is even more dangerous than opiate withdrawal. The dependent
develops generalized convulsions and delirium, which are frequently
associated with heart and respiratory failure.
j. Tranquilizers - are drugs that calm and relax and diminish anxiety. They are
used in the treatment of nervous states and some mental disorders without
producing sleep.
j. Volatile Solvents - gaseous substances popularly known to abusers as
'gas", "teardrops". Examples are plastic glues, hair spray, finger nail polish,
lighter fluid, rugby, paint, thinner, acetone, turpentine gasoline, kerosene,
varnishes and other aerosol products. They are inhaled by the use plastic
bags, handkerchief or rags soaked in these chemicals.
k. Alcohol - the king of all drugs with potential for abuse. It is considered the
most widely used, socially accepted and most extensively legalized drug
throughout the world. In the field of medicine, it is "valuable" as
disinfectant, as an external remedy for reducing high fever among children,
and as preservative and solvent for pharmaceutical preparations like elixirs,
spirits and tincture.
2. The Stimulants (Uppers)

They produce effects opposite to that of depressants. Instead of bringing about
relaxation and sleep, they produce increased mental alertness, wakefulness,
reduce hunger, and provide a feeling of well being. Their medical users include
narcolepsy - a condition characterized by an overwhelming desire to sleep.
Abrupt withdrawal of the drug from the heavy abuser can result in a deep and
suicidal depression.
Examples of Stimulants (Uppers)
a. Amphetamines - used medically for weight reducing in obesity, relief of

mild depression and treatment.
b. Cocaine-is the drug taken from the coca bush plant (Erythroxylon Coca)
grows in South America. It is usually in the form of powder that can be taken
orally, injected or sniffed as to achieve euphoria or an intense feeling of
"highness".
c. Caffeine - it is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks, and some wake-
up pills.
d. Shabu/ "poor man's cocaine" - chemically known as
methamphetamine hydrochloride. It is a central nervous system
stimulant and sometimes called "upper" or "speed". It is white,
colorless crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter numbing taste.
It can be taken orally, inhaled (snorted), sniffed (chasing the
dragon) or injected.
e. Nicotine - an active component in tobacco which acts as a

powerful stimulant of the central nervous system. A drop of pure
nicotine can easily kill a person.
3. The Hallucinogens (Psychedelic)

These are group of drugs that consists of a variety of mind-altering drugs, which
distort reality, thinking and perceptions of time, sound, space and sensation. The
user experiences hallucination (false perception) which at times can be strange.
His "trips" may be exhilarating or terrifying good or bad. They may dislocate his
consciousness and change his mood, thinking and concept of self.
Examples of Hallucinogens (Psychedelic)
a. Marijuana - It is the most commonly

abused hallucinogen in the Philippines
because it can be grown extensively in the
country many users choose to smoke
marijuana for relaxation in the same way
people drink beer or cocktail at the end of
the day. The effects of marijuana include
a feeling of grandeur. It can also produce
the opposite effect, a dreamy sensation of
time seeming to stretch out.
b. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) - This drug is the
most powerful of the psychedelics obtained from ergot, a
fungus that attacks rye kernels. LSD is 1, 000 times more
powerful than marijuana as supply, large enough for a trip
can be taken from the glue on the flab of an envelop, from
the hidden areas inside one's clothes. LSD causes
perceptual changes so that the user sees color, shapes or
objects more intensely than normal and may have
hallucinations of things that are not real. To him real
objects seem to change, building seems to be crackling
open, and walls pulsating. He experiences frequent
bizarre hallucinations, loss spatial perceptions,
personality diffusion and changes in values. Usually users
perceive distortion of time, colors, sounds and depth.
They experience "scent" music and sounds in "color“.
c. Peyote - Peyote is derived from the surface part of a small gray
brown cactus. Peyote emits a nauseating odor and its user
suffers from nausea. This drug causes no physical dependence
and therefore, no withdrawal symptoms; although in some cases
psychological dependence has been noted.
d. Mescaline - it is alkaloid hallucinogen extracted from the
peyote cactus and can also be synthesized in the laboratory. It
produces less nausea than peyote and shows effects resembling
those of LSD although milder in nature. One to two hours after
the drug is taken in a liquid or powder form, delusions begin to
occur. Optical hallucinations follow one upon another in rapid
succession. These are accompanied by imperfect coordination
and perception with a sensation of impeded motion, and a
marked sense that time is still standing. Mescaline does not
cause physical dependence.
e. STP (Serenity, Tranquility, and Peace) - It is a chemical
derivative of mescaline claimed to produce more violent
and longer effects than mescaline dose. Its effects are
similar to the nerve gas used in chemical warfare. It is less
potent than LSD although its effects are similar to those of
psychedelics.
f. Psilocybin - This hallucinogenic alkaloid from small
Mexican mushrooms are used by Mexican Indians today.
These mushrooms induced nausea, muscular relaxation,
mood changes with visions of bright colors and shapes, and
other hallucinations. These effects may last for four to five
hours and later may be followed by depressions, laziness
and complete loss of time and space perceptions.
g. Morning Glory Seeds - The black and brown
seeds of the wild tropical morning glory are
used to produce hallucinations. The seeds are
ground into flour, soaked in cold water, then
strained through a cloth and drunk. They are
sold under the names of "heavenly blues",
"flying dancers', and "pearly gates". The active
ingredient in the seed is similar to LSD
although less potent. The reactions are likened
to those resulting from LSD. Prolonged
psychosis is also one of its effects.
Motivating Factors of Drug Use
Drug use is motivated by the following factors:

to attain some degree of euphoria;
for increased enjoyment of other activities,
 and as a recreational pursuit.
THE COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS
Drugs that are commonly abused depending on their pharmacological effects may be
generally classified into:
a. Sedatives - are depressant drugs, which reduce anxiety and excitement such as
barbiturates, non-barbiturates, tranquilizers and alcohol.
b. Stimulants - are drugs, which increase alertness and activity such as amphetamines,
cocaine and caffeine.
c. Hallucinogens/Psychedelics - drugs which affect sensation, thinking, self-awareness and
emotion. Changes in time and space perception, delusions (false beliefs and
hallucinations) may be mild or overwhelming, dispersion on dose and quality of the
drug. This includes LSD, mescaline and marijuana.
d. Narcotics - drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep. The
opiates, which are narcotics, include opium and drugs derived
from opium, such as morphine codeine and heroin.
e. Solvents - or the volatile substances which are found to be the
most commonly abused by children lured into the drug habit.
POPULAR PLANTS AS SOURCES OF
DANGEROUS DRUGS
1. The Opium Poppy Plant
The opium poppy plant is scientifically known as Papaver Somniferum. The
word Papaver is a Greek term which means poppy while the word Somniferum is
a Latin term which means dream/ induced sleep. The plant can grow from 3 to 6
feet in height originally in Mesopotamia. The Summerians called it "Hul Gil"
which means, "plant of joy" due to its joyful effect when administered. Its active
ingredient is the Meconic acid - the analgesic property. The dangerous drugs that
can be derived from the plant are morphine, heroin, and codeine.
2. The Marijuana Plant
The term marijuana is a Spanish-Mexican term used to refer to the Indian hemp
plant. It is a plant that grows in tropical region and attains an approximate height
of 15 to 20 feet. Scientifically named as Cannabis Sativa Lima and a member of
the Cannabinaceae family of plants (separate male/ female plant), the female plant
is known as the Pistillate (shorter but long-lived) while the male plant is called the
Staminate (taller but short-lived). Its leaves formed a fingerlike look- odd in
numbers from 3 up 13 fingerlike leaves. The stalk of the plant can attain a height
of 3 to 16 feet while roots can attain a length of approximately 8 inches. The resin
called "hashish" can be found on the most top portion of the female plant.
The active ingredient or alkaloid of the plant is called cannabin (the one that
produces of the plant is called cannabin (the one that produces the physiological
effect) or the Tetrahydrocannabinnol (THC) — the concentrated alkaloid which is
5 to 20 times stronger then the plain marijuana plant. The means of using the drug
varies from ingestion to smoking.
Marijuana is the plant material derived from the cannabis plant while hashish comes
from the compressed resin (commonly incorrectly thought to be manufactured from
the pollen) of the flowers of the cannabis plant. Both marijuana and hashish can vary
in type, potency, and quality.
3. The Coca Bush Plant
The coca bush plant is scientifically known as

Erythroxylon Coca common in South America.
The plant grows in mountainous and tropical
climate areas, on clay like soil. A' fully-grown
cultivated coca plant attains a height of 6 to 8
feet and can be harvested 3 to 4 times in a year.
The dangerous drug that can be produced from
this plant is the drug Cocaine - the most
powerful natural stimulant known as cocaine
hydrochloride.
4. The Epedra Plant
Known to the Chinese as "Ma Huang", the Epedra plant

(Ephedra Vulgaris) is a psychoactive plant that contains
psychotropic properties one of which is the alkaloid
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, an active ingredient of
anti-asthma drugs used in over the counter medications. It
is also an essential chemical precursor in the production of
Methamphetamine or Amphetamine drugs.
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride commonly known as
"shabu" is a product derived from this plant through
chemical processes.
CAUSES AND INFLUENCES OF DRUG
ABUSE
What is Drug Abuse?
The term Drug Abuse most often refers to the use of a drug with such frequency that it causes
physical or mental harm to the user or impairs social functioning. Although the term seems to
imply that users abuse the drugs they take, in fact, it is themselves or others they abuse by
using drugs.
Traditionally, the term drug abuse referred to the use of any drug prohibited by law, regardless
of whether it was actually harmful or not. This meant that any use of Marijuana, for example,
even if it occurred only once in a while, would constitute abuse, while the same level of
alcohol consumption would not.
The term drug is commonly associated with substances that may be purchased legally with
prescription for medical use. Other substances that may be purchased legally without
prescription and are commonly abused include alcohol and the nicotine contained in tobacco
cigarettes (Groiler, 1995).
Other Definitions of "Drug Abuse"
The term drug abuse may refer to any of the following:

Use of medically-useful drugs which have the capacity to alter mood and
behavior without the benefit of a prescription.
Use of a medically-useful mood-altering drug for a purpose different from the
one for which that drug has been prescribed.
Use of drugs and substances having no legitimate medical application for
purposes other than research.
What is The Term "Dependence“/Drug
Dependency?
Originally, the term used popularly to describe dependence on drugs was drug
addiction.
This term has been replaced by the World Health Organization (WHO) with the
term drug dependence.
Drug dependence has become a severe social problem for its adverse effects
upon our most precious resource - the youth. It is widespread not only among
youngsters but also among men and women of disparate social, financial, or
economic status. It is harmful; it ruins one's life; it breaks down discretion
leading to criminality and even suicide. Drug dependence has been found to be a
common problem not only in large urban areas but even in the remotest parts of
the country.
Definition of "Drug Dependence"
• It is a state of psychic or physical dependence or both, on a drug

arising in a person following administration of drugs on a periodic or
continuous basis.
What is Physical Dependence?

It is the result when a drug has been used for a long period of time. It
is only identified when a characteristic withdrawal or abstinence
syndrome occurs after its use is discontinued.
 What is Psychological Dependence?
It refers to a state in which an individual has a compulsion to

take a drug, but one in which there may not be a physical
dependence.
Definition of "Drug Addiction"
• Drug addiction is a state of periodic or chronic

intoxication produced by the repeated
consumption of a drug, natural or synthetic.
Characteristics of Drug Addiction
1. Uncontrollable Craving - the addict feels a compulsive craving to take drug repeatedly
and tries to procure the same by any means.
2. Tolerance - it is the tendency to increase the dose of the drug to produce the same effect
as to that of the original effect.
3. Addiction - the addict is powerless to quit drug use.
4. Physical Dependence - the addict's physiological functioning is altered. The body
becomes sick, inactive and incapable of carrying out useful activity in the absence of the
drug. The withdrawal syndromes will occur once the drug use is stopped.
5. Psychological Dependence - Emotional and mental discomfort exist to the
individual. The drug addict feels he can not do without the drug,
consequently if he does not take the drug his mental processes are affected.
He can not carryout his work efficiently.
6. Withdrawal Syndrome - The addict becomes nervous and restless when he

does not get the drug. After about 12 hours, he starts sweating. His nose and
eyes become watery and continue doing so increasingly for another twelve
hours. It is followed by vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite and sleep.
Respiration, blood pressure and body temperature also rises. This will
continue up to three days. After which, the trouble starts subsiding and most
of it is gone in about a week's time. Complete recovery takes place in three to
six months.
How Addiction is acquired?
People have generally different motivation in life. The young ones are very much adventurous
and some of them have strong attraction in drug-taking, because these "Space are era belongs to
them so to speak, thus, the "IN“ thing these days are drugs. To see drug abusers around seemed
to be of a common sight.
The drug habit is acquired primarily in three ways:
1. Association - the tendency of a drug abuser to look for peer groups where he feels being
wanted and accepted.
2. Experimentation - the tendency of a person to try and explore the effects of drugs due to
curiosity or other reasons.
3. Inexperienced doctors - the tendency of doctors and physicians to unnecessarily prescribe
drugs.
Addiction Is Acquired Through:
1. Habituation - repetitious engagement of drug use which is closely related to the

experience of the euphoric effect of drugs, and the relief of pain or emotional
discomfort.
2. Toleration - refers to the necessity to increase the dose to obtain an effect equivalent to
the original dose.
3. Dependence - the altered physiological state brought about by the repeated
administration of the drug, which necessitates the continued use of the drug to avoid
withdrawal syndrome.
Reasons Why People Turn to Drugs
1. Poverty-This is the most prevalent factor that prompts pushers and

abusers alike to indulge in dangerous drugs. Pushers are forced by
circumstances to sell prohibited drugs as a means or source of
livelihood. Many abusers use dangerous drugs as a vehicle for escaping
the realities of poverty and its concomitant problems.
2. Ignorance-Lack of knowledge and information about how dangerous

drugs look like, their bad effects, legal or consequences and other
aspects of prohibited drugs, drug addiction, drug pushing, drug
syndicates and many others.
3. Loss of Family Values and Solidarity-Parents who are
busybodies, neglect their children. Western influences
(through the media) have eroded the values of praying and
eating together.
4. Various Factors-Curiosity, peer-pressure, environmental

influences, boredom, frustration, and the desire to escape
reality are some factors that help people turn to drugs.
Contributory Factors to Drug Abuse
Family Aspect
The following elements tend to contribute to the development of drug
use behavior: escape from strict and domineering parents; lack of
communication between parents and children; parents frequently
quarreling in the children's presence; very busy parents, and rejected
children. Children prefer to be with their peers because they feel
nobody wants them at home.
 School Aspect
The school, despite its efforts to mold the youth to be

responsible citizens, also tends to contribute to the drug
problem because of the following reasons: teachers are often
concerned only with the academic achievements of the
students while neglecting personality growth and upbringing;
and teachers are not aware of the personal and psychological
conflicts of their students.
 Community Aspect
The most influential aspect in the upbringing of the youth is

the environment. Drug-taking behavior can be influenced by
the following reasons: drugs are easily available in the
community; increasing numbers of users and pushers in the
community; unavailability of sports and recreational facilities
in the community; no vocational or skills training for out-of-
school youth to keep them gainfully occupied, and,
indifference and apathy of community members in providing
support and cooperation to law enforcement agencies that
deal with the drug problem.
 Influence Made by the Media
The media, also plays an important role in influencing and

corrupting the minds of the youth toward drug using
behavior, for the following reasons: sensational treatment of
the drug abuse problem; heavy advertising of curative and
therapeutic effects of drugs.
 Biological Factors
Biological factors also contribute to an individual's use of drugs. Some

individual health conditions such as fatigue, chronic cough, insomnia,
physical distress and mental disorders are usually relieved by drugs.
But with improper use, it will lead to drug abuse.
 Psychological Factors
Psychological conflicts also affect youth. Psychological

conflicts that contribute to drug use include low self-esteem
and poor self-image; need for acceptance and belonging; the
need for freedom and autonomy from parents; attention-
getting, mental problems, and escape from reality.
Parental Neglect
Technology, computerization and the fast pace of globalization have
contributed to drug abuse; domineering parents; lack of parental
concern and closeness; parental permissiveness; rejection by parents;
parental abuse; family instability; physical abuse; childhood stress and
trauma; lack of parental guidance, and the traumatic effects of
separated parents.
 Sociological Factors
Social factors are the combinations of the preceding

contributory reasons which influence people to use drugs i.e.
the availability of over-the-counter and prescription drugs;
influences made by media; impact of the affluent lifestyle;
high unemployment problem; effect of increased travel and
exposure to different cultures; modeling of parents or key
influencers; pressures exerted by peer groups; loss of religious
and social values; feeling of powerlessness; low values on
academic achievements and the perception of graft and
corruption.
The Primary Causes of Drug Abuse
1. Pride - excessive feeling of self-worth or self-esteem, sense of self-importance.

2. Anger - unexpressed, deep-seated anger against himself, his family, his friends or the society
in general.
3. Lust - burning sexual desire can distort the human mind to drug abuse.
4. Gluttony - "food trip" in the lingo of junkies
5. Greed - wealth, fame, recognition as exemplified by people under pressure in their work of
art, such as musicians, actors, athletes who indulge in drug abuse.
6. Envy - to get attention from someone: as a sign of protest envy is a major cause of drug
abuse.
7. Laziness - "I can't syndrome", incapacity to achieve -the breeding ground of drug abuse.
Boredom coupled with poor self-image.
GROUP CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS
1. Situational Users - those who use drugs to keep them awake or for additional energy to
perform an important work. Such individual may or may not exhibit psychological
dependence.
2. Spree Users - school age users who take drugs for "kicks', an adventurous daring
experience, or as a means of fun. There may be some degree of psychological dependence
but little physical dependence due to the mixed pattern of use.
3. Hard Core Addicts - those, whose activities revolve almost entirely around the drug
experience and securing supplies. They show strong psychological dependence on the
drug.
4. Hippies - those who are addicted to drugs believing that drug is an integral part of life.
Considerations in Detecting Abusers
1. neglect of personal appearance, diminished drive, lack of ambition, reduced attention span,
poor quality of school work, and impaired communication skills,
2. less care for the feeling of others, lessening of accustomed family warmth, pale face, red
eyes, dilation or constricted pupils, and wearing sunglasses at wrong places,
3. secretive about money, disappearance of money and other valuables from the house
4. friends refusing to identify themselves or hang up when you answer the phone, and
overreaction to mild conditions,
5. smell of marijuana, sweetish odor, like a burned rope in the clothes or room,
etc .,
6. knowledge on the lingo of drug abusers,
7. symptoms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, muscular aches, insomnia

and convulsions, etc ., and
8. the presence of butt from marijuana joint, holders (i.e. pipe clips) for the
joint, leaves, seeds in pockets or lining, rolling paper, pipes, cough syrup
bottles, capsules, syringes, etc ., devices for hiding drugs like trash cans, soft
drinks bottles, other pills like valium, and other tranquilizers, physician's
prescription pad in blank form, linear scar in the arms, forearms and
abdomen.
General Signs and Symptoms of Drug Abuse:
Abrupt changes in school or work attendance, quality of work, grades, discipline and
work output.
Unusual flare-up or outbreak of temper in a small emotion-provoking situation.
Withdrawal from responsibility.
General changes from in overall attitude.
Deterioration of physical appearance and grooming.
Furtive behavior regarding actions and possessions.
Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times to hide constricted or dilated pupils.
Continual wearing of long-sleeved clothing to hide injection marks
and scars.
Association with known drug abusers.
Unusual borrowing of money from parents, relatives and friends.
attempts to appear inconspicuous in manner and appearance to
avoid attention-getting
stealing of small items but later on big items from home, school
and workplace, and involvement in petty neighborhood crimes
may frequent odd places without cause, such as storage rooms,
closets, basements, rooftops and other isolated or close
compartments as well as hidden places.
PROCESS OF DETECTING DRUG ABUSERS
A. Observation
Observations of the signs and symptoms of drug abuse may take relatively a long period of
time. Good sensory equipment and a high degree of objectivity are two requirements for a
good observer. To be an effective observer, the observer should not let his own personal
judgments and reactions affect his observations. He should exercise care in his observation
such that the suspected drug abuser is not made aware of being observed.
1. History Taking
Collateral Information (Interview with information) - The best information is from the
patient himself, but collateral information is necessary. Ideally, a parent or close relative or a
close friend should be present to furnish useful details as to the different changes observed
in the patient that made them suspect the subject is abusing drugs. These changes may be in
his appearance, behavior, mood, or interest.
 Interview with Patient - Inquire regarding the drugs being abused, onset of
his drug taking activity, reason for abusing drugs, how he supports his
vice, etc.
B. Laboratory Examination
Accurate laboratory examinations cannot be performed by any ordinary chemist since
detection of dangerous drugs requires sophisticated equipment and apparatus, special chemical
reagents and most of all, the specialized technical know-how.
C. Psychological Examination
This phase of drug detection requires the expertise of trained psychologists. Teachers therefore
are not in a position to administer psychological examinations among their students.
Psychological examination findings will correspond to the general findings of a drug prone
individual: drowsy or lethargic appearance accompanied by scratching and without alcoholic
breath, tendency to giggle excessively at things which others don't consider funny, and over-
active and over talkative.
Examples of test are:
a. Intelligence Test - the test is designed to cover a wide variety of mental functions
with special emphasis on adjustment comprehension and reasoning.
b. Personality Test - this type of test is used to evaluate the character and personality traits of
an individual such as his emotional adjustment, interpersonal relation, motivation and
attitude.
c. Aptitude Test - this test is to measure the readiness with which the individual increases his
knowledge and improves skills when given the necessary opportunity and training.
d. Interest Test - this is designed to reveal the field of interest that a client will be interested
in.
e. Psychiatric Evaluation - it is a process whereby a team of professionals composed of
psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric social workers conduct an examination to
determine whether or not a patient is suffering from psychiatric disorder.
Personality Profile of Drug Abusers
1. They are of average or above average intelligence

2. They are witty and manipulative
3. They have negative attitude, they demonstrate hostile feelings to the world or to anybody
who does not want to conform to what they want.
4. They are emotionally immature, selfish and demanding.
5. They want immediate gratification of needs and desires.
6. They have low frustration tolerance.
7. Their interest and aptitude are on dramatics, persuasive and musical field in that order.
8. They are depressed and excessively dependent.
9. They are rebellious and have impulsive behavior.
10. They are pleasure seeker and pathologically liars They like to join anti
social groups/ delinquent groups.
11. They have difficulty in solving problems.

OTHER INFORMATION ON DRUG ABUSERS
a. In more than 59 percent of users, both parents hold outside jobs. For the first time since World War
II, we have "latch-key" children who come home from school to an empty house.
b. Parents use television to baby-sit their pre-school children who are thus subjected before they are old
enough to walk to advertisements for beer, pain killers and other over-the-counter (OTC)
medications, not to mention sex and violence written by some best minds.
c. Modern mothers have abandoned their God-given gifts and privilege to breast-fed their children.
d. A third spends an average of 900 hours per year in class and media influence per year watching
television, which speaks for greater media influence on the young mind compared to either the
parents or school.
e. Television commercials for alcoholic beverages and cigarettes invariably
depict people having an enjoyable time with their friends while the product
prominent displayed, but never depict the health and economic problems
excessive alcohol and cigarettes consumption can produce, or other
degenerative effects. Tobacco companies circumvent the ban on television
advertising their products by sponsoring athletic events that are viewed by
both children and adults who attend sporting events where large pictures and
logos of cigarette brands are always prominently displayed.
f. Alcohol and tobacco (cigarettes) are "gateway" drugs. No child and or

adolescent ever smoke marijuana without learning how to inhale tobacco
smoke first. Ask a drug abuser whether or not they started with alcohol, or
cigarette; the answer is always "YES".
g. It is discovered that 70 percent of elementary school students
abused legal drugs such as tobacco, alcohol, and over-the-
counter (OTC) diet pills. Sleep aids and other they obtained from
older friends of their parents. They began as early as age 12 or
13.
h. Medical science is believed to hold a cure for every condition, a

"pill for every ill," so to speak.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165: Important Features
R.A. 9165 - COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002 (Approved on June

7, 2002 - Effective July 4, 2002)
What is Dangerous Drug under this law?

It include those listed in the schedules annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic
Drugs, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and the schedules annexed to the 1971 Single
Convention on Psychotropic Substances (Art 1, Sec. 3).
Ex. MMDA - Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstacy); Tetrahydrocannabinol (MJ);

Mescaline (Peyote)
What are the Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals?
-Include those listed in Tables I and II of the 1988 UN Convention Against Illicit
Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Art 1, Sec 3)
Ex.
Table 1 - Acetic Anhydride N- Acetyl Anthranilic Acid Epedrine, Ergometrine,
Lysergic Acid
Table 2 - Acetone, Ethyl Ether, Hydrochloric Acid Sulfuric Acid, etc.

NOTE:
Under RA 6425 (Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972),
Dangerous drugs refers to the Prohibited drugs, Regulated drugs and Volatile substances.
Prohibited Drugs - ex. Opium and its derivatives, Cocaine and its derivatives, Hallucinogen
drugs like MJ, LSD, and Mescaline Regulated drugs - ex. Barbiturates, Amphetamines,
Tranquillizers Volatile Substances - ex. rugby, paints, thinner, glue, gasoline
ASSIGNMENT
1. ARTICLE I , (SEC. 3) Definition of terms
Acts Punished under R.A. 6425 as Amended by R.A.
9165-Which likewise created PDEA
Section 4. Importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential

Chemicals.
The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person,
who, unless authorized by law, shall import or bring into the Philippines any dangerous
drug, regardless of the quantity and purity involved, including any and all species of opium
poppy or any part thereof or substances derived therefrom even for floral, decorative and
culinary purposes.
 The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to
twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed
upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall import any controlled
precursor and essential chemical.
 The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon
any person, who, unless authorized under this Act, shall import or bring into the
Philippines any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical through the use of a diplomatic passport, diplomatic facilities or any
other means involving his/her official status intended to facilitate the unlawful
entry of the same. In addition, the diplomatic passport shall be confiscated and
canceled.
 The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed
upon any person, who organizes, manages or acts as a "financier" of any of
the illegal activities prescribed in this Section.
 The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years of
imprisonment and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person, who acts as a "protector/coddler" of any
violator of the provisions under this Section.
Section 5. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution
and Transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals.
 The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00)
shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall sell,
trade, administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another, distribute dispatch
in transit or transport any dangerous drug, including any and all species of
opium poppy regardless of the quantity and purity involved, or shall act as a
broker in any of such transactions.
 The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20)
years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by
law, shall sell, trade, administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another, distribute, dispatch
in transit or transport any controlled precursor and essential chemical, or shall act as a
broker in such transactions.
 If the sale, trading, administration, dispensation, delivery, distribution or transportation of

any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical transpires within one
hundred (100) meters from the school, the maximum penalty shall be imposed in every case.
 For drug pushers who use minors or mentally incapacitated individuals as runners, couriers
and messengers, or in any other capacity directly connected to the dangerous drugs and/or
controlled precursors and essential chemical trade, the maximum penalty shall be imposed in
every case.
 If the victim of the offense is a minor or a mentally incapacitated individual, or
should a dangerous drug and/or a controlled precursor and essential chemical
involved in any offense herein provided be the proximate cause of death of a
victim thereof, the maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be
imposed.
 The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon
any person who organizes, manages or acts as a "financier" of any of the illegal
activities prescribed in this Section.
 The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years of
(P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed
upon any person, who acts as a "protector/coddler" of any violator of the
provisions under this Section.
Section 6. Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort.
 The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00)
shall be imposed upon any person or group of persons who shall maintain a
den, dive or resort where any dangerous drug is used or sold in any form.
 The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day
to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
imposed upon any person or group of persons who shall maintain a den, dive,
or resort where any controlled precursor and essential chemical is used or sold
in any form.
 The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed in every
case where any dangerous drug is administered, delivered or sold to a minor
who is allowed to use the same in such a place.
 Should any dangerous drug be the proximate cause of the death of a person
using the same in such den, dive or resort, the penalty of death and a fine
ranging from One million (P1,000,000.00) to Fifteen million pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed on the maintainer, owner and/or operator.
 If such den, dive or resort is owned by a third person, the same shall be
confiscated and escheated in favor of the government: Provided, That the
criminal complaint shall specifically allege that such place is intentionally used
in the furtherance of the crime: Provided, further, That the prosecution shall
prove such intent on the part of the owner to use the property for such purpose:
Provided, finally, That the owner shall be included as an accused in the criminal
complaint.
 The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon
any person who organizes, manages or acts as a "financier" of any of the
illegal activities prescribed in this Section.
 The penalty twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years of
imposed upon any person, who acts as a "protector/coddler" of any violator of
the provisions under this Section.
Section 7. Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or Resort. –
• The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years

and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from
One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon:
(a) Any employee of a den, dive or resort, who is aware of the

nature of the place as such; and
(b) Any person who, not being included in the provisions of the
next preceding, paragraph, is aware of the nature of the place as
such and shall knowingly visit the same
Section 8. Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs and/or
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals.
 The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine
ranging Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to
Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed
upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall
engage in the manufacture of any dangerous drug.
 The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and
one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One
hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized by law, shall manufacture any controlled precursor and
essential chemical.
 The presence of any controlled precursor and essential chemical or laboratory
equipment in the clandestine laboratory is a prima facie proof of manufacture of
any dangerous drug. It shall be considered an aggravating circumstance if the
clandestine laboratory is undertaken or established under the following
circumstances:
(a) Any phase of the manufacturing process was conducted in the presence or with
the help of minor/s:
(b) Any phase or manufacturing process was established or undertaken within one
hundred (100) meters of a residential, business, church or school premises;
(c) Any clandestine laboratory was secured or protected with booby traps;
(d) Any clandestine laboratory was concealed with legitimate business operations;
or
(e) Any employment of a practitioner, chemical engineer, public official or
foreigner.
 The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be
imposed upon any person, who organizes, manages or acts as a
"financier" of any of the illegal activities prescribed in this
Section.
 The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20)
years of imprisonment and a fine ranging from One hundred
thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a
"protector/coddler" of any violator of the provisions under this
Section.
Section 9. Illegal Chemical Diversion of Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals.
 The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and

pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who,
unless authorized by law, shall illegally divert any controlled
precursor and essential chemical.
Section 10. Manufacture or Delivery of Equipment, Instrument,
Apparatus, and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs and/or
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals.
o The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and

pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person who shall
deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent
to deliver equipment, instrument, apparatus and other
paraphernalia for dangerous drugs, knowing, or under
circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be
used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture,
compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze,
pack, repack, store, contain or conceal any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical in violation of
this Act.
o The penalty of imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and one
(1) day to four (4) years and a fine ranging from Ten thousand
pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) shall be
imposed if it will be used to inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise
introduce into the human body a dangerous drug in violation of
this Act.
o The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be

imposed upon any person, who uses a minor or a mentally
incapacitated individual to deliver such equipment, instrument,
apparatus and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs.
Section 11. Possession of Dangerous Drugs.
 The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized by law, shall possess any dangerous drug in the following
quantities, regardless of the degree of purity thereof:
(1) 10 grams or more of opium;
(2) 10 grams or more of morphine;
(3) 10 grams or more of heroin;
(4) 10 grams or more of cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride;
(5) 50 grams or more of methamphetamine hydrochloride or "Shabu";

(6) 10 grams or more of marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil;
(7) 500 grams or more of marijuana; and
(8) 10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited
to, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDA) or "ecstasy",
paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA), trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA),
lysergic acid diethylamine (LSD), gamma hydroxyamphetamine (GHB),
and those similarly designed or newly introduced drugs and their
derivatives, without having any therapeutic value or if the quantity
possessed is far beyond therapeutic requirements, as determined and
promulgated by the Board in accordance to Section 93, Article XI of this
Act.
Otherwise, if the quantity involved is less than the foregoing quantities, the
penalties shall be graduated as follows:
(1) Life imprisonment and a fine ranging from Four hundred thousand pesos
(P400,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00), if the quantity of
methamphetamine hydrochloride or "shabu" is ten (10) grams or more but less than
fifty (50) grams;
(2) Imprisonment of twenty (20) years and one (1) day to life imprisonment and a
fine ranging from Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00) to Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00), if the quantities of dangerous drugs are five (5)
grams or more but less than ten (10) grams of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or
cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil, methamphetamine
hydrochloride or "shabu", or other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to,
MDMA or "ecstasy", PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB, and those similarly designed or newly
introduced drugs and their derivatives, without having any therapeutic value or if
the quantity possessed is far beyond therapeutic requirements; or three hundred
(300) grams or more but less than five (hundred) 500) grams of marijuana; and
(3) Imprisonment of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20)
years and a fine ranging from Three hundred thousand pesos
(P300,000.00) to Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00), if the
quantities of dangerous drugs are less than five (5) grams of opium,
morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana resin
or marijuana resin oil, methamphetamine hydrochloride or "shabu", or
other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to, MDMA or
"ecstasy", PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB, and those similarly designed or
newly introduced drugs and their derivatives, without having any
therapeutic value or if the quantity possessed is far beyond therapeutic
requirements; or less than three hundred (300) grams of marijuana.
Section 12. Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other
Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs. - The penalty of imprisonment ranging from six
(6) months and one (1) day to four (4) years and a fine ranging from Ten thousand
pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) shall be imposed upon any
person, who, unless authorized by law, shall possess or have under his/her control
any equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia fit or intended for
smoking, consuming, administering, injecting, ingesting, or introducing any
dangerous drug into the body: Provided, That in the case of medical practitioners
and various professionals who are required to carry such equipment, instrument,
apparatus and other paraphernalia in the practice of their profession, the Board
shall prescribe the necessary implementing guidelines thereof.
The possession of such equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia

fit or intended for any of the purposes enumerated in the preceding paragraph
shall be prima facie evidence that the possessor has smoked, consumed,
administered to himself/herself, injected, ingested or used a dangerous drug and
shall be presumed to have violated Section 15 of this Act.
Section 13. Possession of Dangerous Drugs During Parties, Social Gatherings
or Meetings. – Any person found possessing any dangerous drug during a party,
or at a social gathering or meeting, or in the proximate company of at least two
(2) persons, shall suffer the maximum penalties provided for in Section 11 of
this Act, regardless of the quantity and purity of such dangerous drugs.
Section 14. Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other

Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs During Parties, Social Gatherings or
Meetings. - The maximum penalty provided for in Section 12 of this Act shall
be imposed upon any person, who shall possess or have under his/her control
any equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia fit or intended
for smoking, consuming, administering, injecting, ingesting, or introducing any
dangerous drug into the body, during parties, social gatherings or meetings, or
in the proximate company of at least two (2) persons.
Section 15. Use of Dangerous Drugs.
A person apprehended or arrested, who is found to be positive for use of

any dangerous drug, after a confirmatory test, shall be imposed a penalty of
a minimum of six (6) months rehabilitation in a government center for the
first offense, subject to the provisions of Article VIII of this Act. If
apprehended using any dangerous drug for the second time, he/she shall
suffer the penalty of imprisonment ranging from six (6) years and one (1)
day to twelve (12) years and a fine ranging from Fifty thousand pesos
(P50,000.00) to Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00): Provided,
That this Section shall not be applicable where the person tested is also
found to have in his/her possession such quantity of any dangerous drug
provided for under Section 11 of this Act, in which case the provisions
stated therein shall apply.
Section 16. Cultivation or Culture of Plants Classified as Dangerous Drugs or
are Sources Thereof.
 The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who shall plant,
cultivate or culture marijuana, opium poppy or any other plant regardless of
quantity, which is or may hereafter be classified as a dangerous drug or as a
source from which any dangerous drug may be manufactured or derived:
Provided, That in the case of medical laboratories and medical research
centers which cultivate or culture marijuana, opium poppy and other plants,
or materials of such dangerous drugs for medical experiments and research
purposes, or for the creation of new types of medicine, the Board shall
prescribe the necessary implementing guidelines for the proper cultivation,
culture, handling, experimentation and disposal of such plants and
materials.
 The land or portions thereof and/or greenhouses on which any of said plants
is cultivated or cultured shall be confiscated and escheated in favor of the
State, unless the owner thereof can prove lack of knowledge of such
cultivation or culture despite the exercise of due diligence on his/her part. If
the land involved is part of the public domain, the maximum penalty provided
for under this Section shall be imposed upon the offender.
 The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon
any person, who organizes, manages or acts as a "financier" of any of the
illegal activities prescribed in this Section.
 The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years of
imposed upon any person, who acts as a "protector/coddler" of any violator of
the provisions under this Section.
Section 17. Maintenance and Keeping of Original Records of Transactions
on Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals.
- The penalty of imprisonment ranging from one (1) year and one (1) day to
six (6) years and a fine ranging from Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to
Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) shall be imposed upon any practitioner,
manufacturer, wholesaler, importer, distributor, dealer or retailer who
violates or fails to comply with the maintenance and keeping of the original
records of transactions on any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor
and essential chemical in accordance with Section 40 of this Act.
An additional penalty shall be imposed through the revocation of the license

to practice his/her profession, in case of a practitioner, or of the business, in
case of a manufacturer, seller, importer, distributor, dealer or retailer.
Section 18. Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Drugs.
The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one
(1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred
thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) and the additional penalty of the revocation of his/her
license to practice shall be imposed upon the practitioner, who shall
prescribe any dangerous drug to any person whose physical or
physiological condition does not require the use or in the dosage
prescribed therein, as determined by the Board in consultation with
recognized competent experts who are authorized representatives of
professional organizations of practitioners, particularly those who are
involved in the care of persons with severe pain.
Section 19. Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs.
The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from

Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos
(P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized by law, shall make or issue a prescription or any other
writing purporting to be a prescription for any dangerous drug.
Section 20. Confiscation and Forfeiture of the Proceeds or Instruments of the Unlawful Act,
Including the Properties or Proceeds Derived from the Illegal Trafficking of Dangerous Drugs
and/or Precursors and Essential Chemicals.
 Every penalty imposed for the unlawful importation, sale, trading, administration,
dispensation, delivery, distribution, transportation or manufacture of any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical, the cultivation or culture of plants which
are sources of dangerous drugs, and the possession of any equipment, instrument, apparatus
and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs including other laboratory equipment, shall
carry with it the confiscation and forfeiture, in favor of the government, of all the proceeds
and properties derived from the unlawful act, including, but not limited to, money and other
assets obtained thereby, and the instruments or tools with which the particular unlawful act
was committed, unless they are the property of a third person not liable for the unlawful act,
but those which are not of lawful commerce shall be ordered destroyed without delay
pursuant to the provisions of Section 21 of this Act.
 After conviction in the Regional Trial Court in the appropriate criminal case filed, the
Court shall immediately schedule a hearing for the confiscation and forfeiture of all the
proceeds of the offense and all the assets and properties of the accused either owned or
held by him or in the name of some other persons if the same shall be found to be
manifestly out of proportion to his/her lawful income: Provided, however, That if the
forfeited property is a vehicle, the same shall be auctioned off not later than five (5) days
upon order of confiscation or forfeiture.
 During the pendency of the case in the Regional Trial Court, no property, or income
derived therefrom, which may be confiscated and forfeited, shall be disposed, alienated or
transferred and the same shall be in custodia legis and no bond shall be admitted for the
release of the same.
 The proceeds of any sale or disposition of any property confiscated or
forfeited under this Section shall be used to pay all proper expenses incurred
in the proceedings for the confiscation, forfeiture, custody and maintenance
of the property pending disposition, as well as expenses for publication and
court costs. The proceeds in excess of the above expenses shall accrue to the
Board to be used in its campaign against illegal drugs.
Section 21. Custody and Disposition of Confiscated, Seized, and/or
Surrendered Dangerous Drugs, Plant Sources of Dangerous Drugs,
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals,
Instruments/Paraphernalia and/or Laboratory Equipment
[REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10640]
AN ACT TO FURTHER STRENGTHEN THE ANTI-DRUG CAMPAIGN

OF THE GOVERNMENT, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE SECTION 21
OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE
“COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002″
SECTION 1. Section 21 of Republic Act No. 9165, otherwise known as the
“Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002″, is hereby amended to read as
follows:
“SEC. 21. Custody and Disposition of Confiscated, Seized, and/or Surrendered

Dangerous Drugs, Plant Sources of Dangerous Drugs, Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals, Instruments/Paraphernalia and/or Laboratory Equipment. –
The PDEA shall take charge and have custody of all dangerous drugs, plant
sources of dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals, as well
as instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment so confiscated, seized
and/or surrendered, for proper disposition in the following manner:
“(1) The apprehending team having initial custody and control of the dangerous drugs,
controlled precursors and essential chemicals, instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory
equipment shall, immediately after seizure and confiscation, conduct a physical inventory of
the seized items and photograph the same in the presence of the accused or the person/s from
whom such items were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her representative or counsel, with an
elected public official and a representative of the National Prosecution Service or the media
who shall be required to sign the copies of the inventory and be given a copy thereof: Provided,
That the physical inventory and photograph shall be conducted at the place where the search
warrant is served; or at the nearest police station or at the nearest office of the apprehending
officer/team, whichever is practicable, in case of warrantless seizures: Provided, finally, That
noncompliance of these requirements under justifiable grounds, as long as the integrity and the
evidentiary value of the seized items are properly preserved by the apprehending officer/team,
shall not render void and invalid such seizures and custody over said items.
“(3) A certification of the forensic laboratory examination results,
which shall be done by the forensic laboratory examiner, shall be
issued immediately upon the receipt of the subject item/s: Provided,
That when the volume of dangerous drugs, plant sources of
dangerous drugs, and controlled precursors and essential chemicals
does not allow the completion of testing within the time frame, a
partial laboratory examination report shall be provisionally issued
stating therein the quantities of dangerous drugs still to be examined
by the forensic laboratory: Provided, however, That a final
certification shall be issued immediately upon completion of the said
examination and certification;

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DRUG-EDUCATION-AND-VICE-CONTROL

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DRUG EDUCATION, Vice

1. DRUG SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

The use of chemical substances that alter psychological

Since antiquity- people have cultivated a variety of drugs for religious,

Are All Drugs Harmful?

WHAT ARE DRUGS?

1. Natural Drugs-include natural plant leaves,

How do Drugs Work?

a. Subcutaneous (SC) -A drug is administered by injecting the

5. Report any untoward effects of medicine to the physician. After

6. Patient should not take additional drugs without asking his

7. See whether the medicine has expired or not.

8. Be sure that the label stays on a prescription container until all is

6.Decongestants - those that relieve congestion of the nasal passages.

8. Laxatives - those that stimulate defecation and encourage bowel

A. TERMS TO PONDER IN THE STUDY OF DRUG ABUSE

Drug Abuse-It is the illegal, wrongful or improper use of any drug.

Drug Addiction-It refers to the state of periodic or chronic

Drug Experimenter. One who illegally, wrongfully, or improperly

Drug Syndicate. It is a network of illegal drug operations operated

Narcotic Drug. Refers to illegally used drugs or dangerous drugs

Pusher. Any person who sell, administer, deliver or give away to

Rehabilitation. It is a dynamic process directed towards the

Treatment. A medical service rendered to a client for the

Use. The act of injecting, consuming, any dangerous drugs. The

Drug Trafficking is also known as Illegal Drug Trade. It is a global black

1. HIERARCHY LAYOUT-A hierarchical arrangement includes the

A drug syndicate is a group of organized and professional criminals with a

1. Columbian Medellin Cartel- founded during the 1980's by Colombian

ILLICIT DRUG ROUTES (The Second Major Drug Traffic Route )

ILLICIT DRUG ROUTES (The Second Major Drug Traffic Route )

In Southwest Asia- the "Golden Crescent" is the

7. Indonesia- Northern Sumatra has traditionally been the main cannabis

10. Hong Kong - is the world's transshipment point of all forms of

Dangerous drugs- refer to the broad categories or classes of controlled

According to medical pharmacology.

According to Legal Categories (In accordance to R. A. 6425). Pursuant to

6. Solvents /Inhalants-Inhalants are volatile substances that produce chemical vapors

 Barbiturates - refers to the group of depressant drug known as "Veronal"

 Hypnotics - are group of drugs such as Mandrax, Quaalude, Fadormir, and

 Amphetamines - are group of stimulant drugs like Benzedrine, Dexedrine,

The group of liquid, solid or mixed substances having the property

NOTE: The passage of Republic Act 9165, Comprehensive Dangerous Drug

1. The Depressants (Downers)

i. Seconal - commonly used among hospitality girls. Sudden withdrawal from

2. The Stimulants (Uppers)

a. Amphetamines - used medically for weight reducing in obesity, relief of

e. Nicotine - an active component in tobacco which acts as a

3. The Hallucinogens (Psychedelic)

a. Marijuana - It is the most commonly

Drug use is motivated by the following factors:

The coca bush plant is scientifically known as

Known to the Chinese as "Ma Huang", the Epedra plant

The term drug abuse may refer to any of the following:

• It is a state of psychic or physical dependence or both, on a drug

What is Physical Dependence?

It refers to a state in which an individual has a compulsion to

• Drug addiction is a state of periodic or chronic

6. Withdrawal Syndrome - The addict becomes nervous and restless when he

1. Habituation - repetitious engagement of drug use which is closely related to the

1. Poverty-This is the most prevalent factor that prompts pushers and

2. Ignorance-Lack of knowledge and information about how dangerous

4. Various Factors-Curiosity, peer-pressure, environmental

The school, despite its efforts to mold the youth to be