SREE RAMA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi - Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)

An ISO 9001:2015 & ISO 14001:2015 certified Institution
Rami Reddy Nagar, Karakambadi road, Tirupati-517507

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Title: Rainfall Prediction Using Multiple Linear Regression Model

Academic Year 2022-2023

Presented By :
Guide : 194C1A05H3 T. Sumadeep
194C1A05C3 P. Sharath Kumar
Mr. M. Bhanu Prakash M.tech 194C1A05H5 V. Karthik Kumar
Department of CSE, 194C1A05G2 G. Satya Narayana
SREE RAMA ENGINEERING COLLEGE. 194C1A05D3 P. Deepan

1
 Contents

o Abstract
o Introduction
o Existing System
o Disadvantages of existing system
o Proposed System
o Advantages of proposed system
o Algorithm
o Modules
o UML Diagrams
o Hardware requirements
o Software requirements
o Further Enhancement
o Conclusion
 Abstract

The rainfall rate is one of the essential phenomena in the weather system, which has
a direct influence on the agriculture and biological sectors. This project aims to
develop a multiple linear regression model in order to predict the rate of
precipitation (PRCP), i.e., rainfall rate. It is based on some weather parameters, such
as temperature, wind speed, and dew point. A Python code using the Pytorch library
has been written to develop the model, which applies Artificial Neural Networks
and multiple linear Regressions in Machine Learning.
 Introduction
o The process of predicting the state of the atmosphere for a specific location in the
future is called weather forecasting.
o Several methods are used to generate weather forecasting, each of which differ in
its accuracy and efficiency.
o The three important steps that precede the process of weather forecasting are to
collect atmospheric data as much as possible and to use it in numerical models to
predict the future state of the atmosphere.
o Applying machine learning techniques in weather forecasting can compensate
complex meteorological physics model.
o Using metrological data set, we chose supervised learning method, which is
multiple linear regression.
o The aim of our project is to develop a multiple linear regression model to predict
the rainfall rate correctly.
 Existing system

o The Existing system uses back propagation neural network for rainfall prediction.
o Marker based motion Capture (MoCap) Framework algorithm is used.
o This model is being used by Xianggen Gan and he tested using the dataset from
1970 to 2000 which has 16 meteorological parameters.
o During the network training, the target error is set as 0.01 and learning rate is set
as 0.01.
o This model is also implemented on mat lab neural network.
 Disadvantages

o It predicts accurate only for annual rainfall when compared with monthly rainfall
prediction.

o In this system, weather is extremely difficult to forecast correctly.

o It is expensive to monitor so many variables from so many sources.

o Here, the computers needs to perform few millions of calculations which are
expensive.
 Proposed system
o We are applying machine learning techniques in weather forecasting, which can
compensate complex meteorological physics model.
o Using the metrological data set, we chose supervised learning method, which is
multiple linear regression, instead of unsupervised learning or reinforcement
learning.
o We used different regression types in machine learning, such as linear regression,
logistic, polynomial regression.
o We are using the simpler and most frequent method is linear regression for
prediction.
o This is done in four steps beginning with understanding the data set and
correlation between variables, deleting unwanted factors from the data set, dealing
with missing data and outliers, finally treating data to facilitate handling.
 Advantages

o The Linear regression used here, is used to predict a numeric value (dependent
variable) form a set of features (predictors)

o It forms a prediction by computing a weighted sum of the input features.

o It is more probable to be accurate compared to the existing system.

 Algorithm

o Linear Regression
o Artificial Neural Networks
 Modules

o User
o Admin
o Data Preprocessing
o Machine Learning Results
 Modules Description
o User:
The User can register the first. While registering he required a valid user email
and mobile for further communications. Once the user register then admin can
activate the user. Once admin activated the user then user can login into our
system. User can upload the dataset based on our dataset column matched.

o Admin:
Admin can login with his login details. Admin can activate the registered
users. Once he activate then only the user can login into our system. Admin can
view the overall data in the browser.
 Modules Description
o Multiple linear regression (MLR):
The Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model to predict four weather
parameters which are (maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity,
and the category of rainfall).They have applied two methods to predict rainfall
forecasting rainfall, which are Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and projected
error.

o Machine learning Results:

The dataset is subjected to six machine learning classifiers such as
artificial neural network (ANN), multiple linear regression (MLR). The MAE of
the classifiers was calculated and displayed in my results. The classifier which
bags up the highest accuracy could be determined as the best classifier.
 UML Diagram

o UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. UML is a standardized general-

purpose modeling language in the field of object-oriented software engineering.
The standard is managed, and was created by, the Object Management Group.
o The UML represents a collection of best engineering practices that have proven
successful in the modeling of large and complex systems.

o The UML is a very important part of developing objects oriented software and
the software development process.
 Use Case Diagram

A use case diagram in the Unified

Modeling Language (UML) . Its
purpose is to present a graphical
overview of the functionality
provided by a system in terms of
actors, their goals, and any
dependencies between those use
cases.
 Class Diagram

In software engineering, a class

diagram in the Unified Modeling
Language (UML) is a type of static
structure diagram that describes the
structure of a system by showing the
system's classes, their attributes,
operations (or methods), and the
relationships among the classes. It
explains which class contains
information.
 Sequence Diagram

A sequence diagram in Unified

Modeling Language (UML) is a
kind of interaction diagram that
shows how processes operate with
one another and in what order. It is a
construct of a Message Sequence
Chart. Sequence diagrams are
sometimes called event diagrams,
event scenarios, and timing
diagrams.
 Activity Diagram

Activity diagrams are graphical

representations of workflows of
stepwise activities and actions with
support for choice, iteration and
concurrency. In the Unified Modeling
Language, activity diagrams can be
used to describe the business and
operational step-by-step workflows of
components in a system. An activity
diagram shows the overall flow of
control.
 Outputs Screenshots
Home page
 Outputs Screenshots
Register Form
 Outputs Screenshots
Admin Login Page
 Outputs Screenshots
Admin Home Page
 Outputs Screenshots
User login Page
 Outputs Screenshots
User homepage
 Outputs Screenshots
View dataset:
 Outputs Screenshots
ANN results:
 Outputs Screenshots
MLR results:
 Outputs Screenshots
Machine learning results:
 Outputs Screenshots
Activate User
 Hardware requirements

• System : Intel core i3

• Hard Disk : 1TB
• Monitor : 15’’ LED
• Input Devices : Keyboard, Mouse
• Ram : 8GB
 Software requirements

• Operating System : Windows 10

• Coding Language : Python
• Tool : PyCharm, Visual Studio Code
• Database : SQLite
 Further Enhancements

The proposed system can be used to estimate the rainfall over the required
period so that the respective authorities can take precautions to prevent the
loss of life and property. The proposed system uses modified linear regression
approach to predict the rainfall that has less error percentage than compared
to most data mining techniques like clustering, back propagation which
provides the generalized values rather than estimate values. This data is used
to perform the necessary calculations to predict the rainfall from average
temperature and cloud cover of that particular district.
 Conclusion

In this project, we have used multiple linear regression model to predict the rate of
precipitation (i.e., rainfall rate) based on some weather parameters taken as the
independent variables. The weather parameters are the mean temperature, maximum
temperature, minimum temperature, Dewpoint, sea level pressure, station pressure,
mean visibility and wind speed. The average of the mean square error between the
actual and predicted value during training and testing phase was calculated. It was
found that obtained results show that the mean square error between actual and
predicted values of the rainfall precipitation rate (PRCP) has been significantly
decreased during testing time. It has been found to be 85% when the amount of test
data equals the amount of training data, and 59% when more test data is used.
Explanation of this reduction needs supplementary research. for example, it may
indicate that the model used needs more data in the training phase.
Thank you!